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Which Postdocs Get Health Insurance and Retirement Accounts?

June 29, 2025 by Emily Leave a Comment

In this episode, I share what I’ve learned recently about the landscape of postdoc benefits in the US, specifically with respect to health insurance and workplace-based retirement accounts. This discussion of employees and non-employees or fellows may be familiar territory to some of you, but I also know I’m reaching people who have never heard it before. I hope that this episode helps more postdocs access more benefits, but I will not present a single universal solution that can be immediately adopted. Please take what you learn today back to your peers at your institution to converse about what they’re doing for their benefits and what may be possible for all of you.

Links mentioned in the Episode

Which Postdocs Get Health Insurance and Retirement Accounts?

Teaser

Jamie G: “As a postdoc, I mean, yes, your benefits are important, but you’re so, uh, worried about all of the work that you have to get done scientifically. So I think doing all this extra administrative stuff falls by the wayside more often than not.”

Introduction

Emily: Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs.

Emily: This is Season 21, Episode 3, and today is a mostly solo episode from me plus some short interview segments on what I’ve learned recently about the landscape of postdoc benefits in the US, specifically with respect to health insurance and workplace-based retirement accounts. This discussion of employees vs. non-employees or fellows or trainees may be familiar territory to some of you, but I also know I’m reaching people who have never heard it before with some bright spots. I hope that this episode helps more postdocs access more benefits, but I will not present a single universal solution that can be immediately adopted. Please take what you learn today back to your peers at your institution to converse about what they’re doing for their benefits and what may be possible for all of you together.

Emily: If you’ve been enjoying this podcast, would you please take a moment to leave a review on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you listen to podcasts? I just caught up on the reviews on Apple Podcasts after a few years, and they really put a smile on my face. Leaving a review also helps other PhDs and PhDs-to-be find this podcast. Thank you very much! You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s21e3/. Without further ado, here’s my episode on postdoc benefits.

First Encounters with Postdoc Employee/Non-Employee Differential Benefits

Emily: I’ll start today’s episode with how I first personally encountered this postdoc employee/non-employee differential benefits weirdness. After my husband defended his PhD, he wanted to get a couple more papers published before applying for jobs or other postdocs, so he arranged to stay in his PhD advisor’s lab as a postdoc until he could finish those up. As his graduate appointment was ending, his advisor gave him three choices as to how he could be hired as a postdoc. All three paid the same gross income.

Emily: First, he could be hired as a fellow aka non-employee. That meant he would have to pay for his health insurance premium out of his income and he would not have access to the university 403(b). Second, he could be hired as an employee. That meant his health insurance premium would be paid on his behalf and he had access to the university 403(b). Third, he could be hired as a contractor. That meant he would have to pay for his health insurance premium out of his income and he would not have access to the university 403(b). The tax implications are also different across these three appointments with respect to the employee and employer sides of FICA aka Social Security and Medicare tax, each 7.65% of his income. As a fellow, neither he nor the university would pay FICA tax. As an employee, his employer would pay their half and he would pay his half. As a contractor, he would pay both halves.

Emily: We thought this was such a strange offer! Since the gross income was held steady across all three, it was clear that the employee position was superior due to the cost of the health insurance, and we definitely wanted the 403(b) benefit, even though there was no match. If he had been offered more money for the fellow or contractor positions as compared to the employee position, maybe we really would have had to weigh the choice, but not as it was presented. It was such a stark difference that we wondered if we were missing something—why wouldn’t he choose the employee position, why was this even under discussion?

Emily: Now, when I look back on this offer, what I find remarkable is not the lack of benefits for the non-employee positions or that the same amount of money was offered, it’s that my husband’s advisor gave him a choice at all. Up until recently, I perceived the postdoc position as falling into one of two broad categories. This was based on my examinations of the benefits offered to postdocs at universities that hired me to speak, if the subject matter included a discussion of retirement accounts. Postdocs could be employees with all the attendant benefits such as employer-provided health insurance, access to the workplace-based retirement account, perhaps an employer-provided retirement account contribution, formal vacation and leave policies, etc. These might be the same suite of benefits offered other staff or faculty members or a modified one. Or postdocs could be non-employees who did not have access to the workplace-based retirement account, had to pay for their health insurance premium out of their own pockets—which was not a tax-deductible expense—and probably did not have the protections that a regular employee would. The only monetary upside to being a fellow over an employee is that your income is not subject to FICA tax, meaning that you don’t have to pay 7.65% of your income in that particular payroll tax. However, the flip side is that you don’t get Social Security credit for those quarters either, so that’s really a double-edged sword.

Postdoc Benefits Examples From the Academic Community

Emily: Way back in Season 2 Episode 3, Dr. McDowell, who at that time was the executive director of Future of Research, shared his observation that

Gary M: “Benefits is just a whole minefield with postdocs, even within the same institution. There can be all sorts of different benefits categories for all sorts of different titles of postdocs.”

Emily: I also thought that your funding source completely determined your status—that postdocs who won individual fellowships or were on institutional training grants had to be classified as non-employees. This view was supported as I heard from postdocs who were shifted from one classification to the other within the same institution; for example, postdocs who started out as employees and then were switched to non-employees when they won a fellowship or were put on a training grant.

Emily: Dr. Jamie Lahvic gave us an example of this occurrence during our interview in Season 14 Episode 3:

Jamie L: “And then as a postdoc, I did have a retirement account offered. However, I started out by like not really contributing very much to it at all because I was living in this really high cost-of-living area with not a lot of income. And then I actually found out as I was going through the fellowship application process that I was going to be losing that retirement contribution once I got a fellowship coming in. So then I sort of, at the last minute just before my fellowship came in, I like maxed out all my contributions as best as I could for like the last few months and tried to top it off. But then the fellowship came in and those accounts kind of sat stagnant for the rest of my postdoc. So that was a frustrating thing to see.”

Emily: For this episode, I spoke with Dr. Jamie Garcia, who is the Associate Director of Scientific Partnerships and Engagement at the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research. She confirmed that

Jamie G: “More often than not, we do see that once they’re awarded the fellowship. There is this shift from university employee to like a trainee classification, which is seen on a training grant or if you are awarded an f, you know, you, you suddenly lose your employee status. And unfortunately with that. A lot of times things such as contributing to retirement is no longer on the table. Medical and dental can be compromised in some way, shape or form. And even being able to park on university campus. So we’ve really seen a wide array of employee benefits get stripped away.”

Emily: However, in recent years, I’ve realized that the postdoc benefits landscape is much more varied than my initial impression. Postdocs care a lot about receiving benefits, and in some cases they and their institutions have found ways to mitigate the issues caused by being classified as a non-employee or even changed the classification altogether. I do want to point out before we start that term employee is a bit tricky and used differently in different contexts, such as tax vs. labor. For myself, I’m tax-focused, so I go by IRS-related classifications. If you are a US citizen, permanent resident, or resident for tax purposes, and your income is reported on a Form W-2 and you have access to a workplace-based retirement account, perhaps after a waiting period, I would call you an employee. For nonresidents, your tax reporting might be on a Form W-2 or a Form 1042-S with income code 19 or 20. If your income as a US citizen or resident is reported in some other way and you don’t have access to the workplace-based retirement account, I would call you a non-employee, at least with respect to that income. For nonresidents, if your tax reporting is on a Form 1042-S with income code 16, I would call you a non-employee. Income tax withholding for US citizens and residents falls similarly: if you’re an employee, your income tax will be withheld on your behalf, and if you’re a non-employee, it might not be withheld on your behalf. If you’re a nonresident, it’s going to be withheld either way.

Emily: I need to define another term here: workplace-based retirement account. I’m using this as a catch-all term for 403(b)s, 457s, and state-sponsored retirement plans, whichever applies at a given institution. An IRA, individual retirement arrangement, is not tied to your workplace. The postdoc benefits situation is considerably different than the grad student benefits situation, even though either might be classified as employees or non-employees. Grad student benefits are more similar across the board, whereas for postdocs there can be a vast difference between being classified as an employee vs. non-employee. I’m painting with a broad brush, but it seems to me that grad students are always offered student health insurance. If they opt in, the health insurance premium is typically paid in full or in large part on their behalf, and it is not included in their taxable income, and that applies whether they are employees or non-employees. For postdoc employees, their employee health insurance premiums are paid at least in part by the employer, and the premiums are not included in their taxable income. For postdoc non-employees, the premium might be paid for from a separate stipend or they might pay for it out of their regular income, but either way the money that pays the premium is supposed to be included in their taxable income. I’ve even come across postdocs who are not offered a reasonably priced health insurance plan by their universities, so they go through the marketplace to purchase insurance.

Emily: Grad students are not typically given access to their university’s retirement account, whether they are employees or non-employees. In certain circumstances, grad student employees are granted access, like Eun Bin Go, whom I interviewed in Season 8 Episode 10, but it’s quite rare that any grad students actually contribute to the plan. I have never come across a full-time grad student who receives a retirement contribution match. Postdoc employees are typically given access to their university’s retirement account, sometimes after a waiting period, and they sometimes receive an automatic or a matching contribution from their employers. Postdoc non-employees are not given access to their university’s retirement account. When it comes to FICA tax, grad students virtually never pay FICA tax, regardless of their classification, whereas postdoc employees pay their half of the tax and postdoc non-employees don’t pay the tax. Grad students may have little awareness of whether they are considered employees or non-employees, because the benefits difference is negligible to non-existent. In fact, if anything, it’s preferable to be a non-employee on fellowship, because that typically translates into a larger stipend. Speaking for myself, I barely registered when my status changed back and forth during grad school because it didn’t impact my pay, benefits, or day-to-day work. However, postdocs absolutely notice these differences in benefits when they are hired or when they switch, and all too often, the pay is held constant between the two classifications.

Commercial

Emily: Emily here for a brief interlude. Would you like to learn directly from me on a personal finance topic, such as taxes, goal-setting, investing, frugality, increasing income, or student loans, each tailored specifically for graduate students and postdocs? I offer seminars and workshops on these topics and more in a variety of formats, and I’m now booking for the 2025-2026 academic year. If you would like to bring my content to your institution, would you please recommend me as a speaker or facilitator to your university, graduate school, graduate student association, medical school, postdoc office, or postdoc association? My workshops are usually slated as professional development or personal wellness. Orientations, postdoc appreciation week, or close to the start of the academic year would be a perfect time for tax education or general personal finance content. Ask the potential host to go to PFforPhDs.com/financial-education/ or simply email me at [email protected] to start the process. I really appreciate these recommendations, which are the best way for me to start a conversation with a potential host. The paid work I do with universities and institutions enables me to keep producing this podcast and all my other free resources. Thank you in advance if you decide to issue a recommendation! Now back to our interview.

How Can Postdocs Who Are Classified as Non-employees Gain Some Employee Benefits?

Emily: First, I’m going to address how postdocs gain benefits at institutions where they are by default classified as non-employees based on their funding source. Second, I’m going to point out that some institutions classify all postdocs as full employees regardless of their funding source. Part 1: How can postdocs who are classified as non-employees gain some employee benefits?

Emily: My curiosity into this question was piqued within the last year when I independently conversed in detail about benefits with two different postdocs at Emory. Both were funded by fellowship/training grant-type funding, so both were primarily classified as non-employees. However, they both accessed a workaround available at Emory, namely being given a very part-time employee appointment so that they could maintain their health insurance benefit and access to Emory’s 403(b). The second postdoc I spoke with, Dr. Celina Jones, asked me if I knew of postdocs on NIH fellowships and training grants who received a retirement contribution match from their institutions, and I offered to ask my mailing list about it. This is the text of the email I sent on January 16, 2025:

“Do you receive a retirement match and if so HOW?

I had a request for information come in from Dr. Celina Jones, who is a postdoc at Emory on an F32.

Celina started off as a postdoc employee at Emory with all the attendant benefits. When she switched onto her F32, she and her PI created a workaround so that she can still access employee health insurance and the 403(b)… but her efforts to retain her retirement match have been stymied.

Celina and I want to know: Do any other postdocs on NIH training grants receive a retirement match from their institutions? She would love to bring some examples back to Emory to advocate for this benefit.

It’s a no-brainer to me that postdocs should not LOSE benefits (read: money) when switching from employee to non-employee status—if anything, they should receive a pay increase or bonus—so I really want to know if solutions are out there!

Please email me back if you have a relevant example!

Emily”

Emily: The responses I received from postdocs underlined that the workaround these Emory postdocs used was not known to everyone. Several respondents confirmed that they had lost their benefits when switching from employee to non-employee status, with no workarounds offered. A couple of grad students replied with outrage and concern that this was an issue their peers were facing and that they might face in the future. Dr. Richard Remigio, a postdoc at NIH, replied “If matching is considerably important, I often hear awardees declining their award so they can remain on their university’s payroll and list the offered award in their CV.” What a sad situation when an award offers prestige but not only no material benefit but actually a material detriment. Jamie Garcia with the Jane Coffin Childs Fund explained how she’s seen this workaround applied at numerous universities:

Jamie G: “We’ve also had a little bit of restructuring of the award such that 80% of the money coming from us goes to the individual and then 20% comes from the lab. And so since it’s split up, that’s sufficient to keep an individual as an employee.”

Emily: I asked Jamie if she had yet come across an institution that would not set up this workaround, if requested, and she said she had not, which is very encouraging. However,

Jamie G: “Every single individual appointment it’s on a case by case basis. We have not become efficient enough yet with our fellows, at least to have this blanket application. So it is a lot of work on the front end with each individual to make sure that they’re getting what they need to be getting to not only be successful in the lab, but in their personal life as well.”

Emily: But something else I’ve realized, and that Jamie Garcia confirmed, is that not all postdocs are left to workarounds vs. staying as complete non-employees.

Where Are All Postdocs Classified as Employees?

Emily: As I said earlier, I originally thought that the source of a postdoc’s funding determined their employee or non-employee classification, and that receiving funding from an NIH fellowship or institutional training grant meant that you had to be a non-employee. However, two years ago, the NIH made a splash with this innocuously phrased notice. Notice number NOT-OD-23-111 is titled “NIH Policies for NRSA Stipends, Compensation and Other Income” and reads:

“The purpose of this Notice is to remind the extramural community of the policies surrounding stipends, compensation and other income for trainees and fellows supported under Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) grants.

In accordance with 42 CFR Part 66, NIH provides stipends to NRSA fellows and trainees as a subsistence allowance to help defray living expenses during the research training experience. NIH does not provide stipends as a condition of employment with either the Federal government or the sponsoring institution (See NIH Grants Policy Statement 11.2.9.2 and 11.3.8.2).

While stipends are not provided as a condition of employment, this policy is not intended to discourage or otherwise prevent recipient institutions from hiring NRSA trainees and fellows as employees or providing them with benefits consistent with what the institution provides others at similar career stages.”

Basically, the NIH was saying, “Hey universities, we never said that you couldn’t hire NRSA fellows and trainees as employees—you totally can if you want to.” Even the end of the notice seems like a nudge to universities to provide benefits to NRSA recipients that are commensurate with those provided to other postdocs. After seeing that notice, I wondered whether any institutions had already been hiring NRSA postdocs as employees or started after the reminder. So at this year’s National Postdoctoral Association Annual Conference and Graduate Career Consortium Annual Meeting, I asked people I met who work in postdoc offices about postdoc benefits and whether all of their postdocs were hired as employees. I actually did meet a few people who confirmed that all of the postdocs at their institutions were hired as employees. For one example, MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX. At the Graduate Career Consortium Annual Meeting, Briana Mohan, the Program Manager of Recruitment & Special Programs in the Office for Postdocs, spoke with me at length about all the postdocs being employees. Dr. Ryan Udan, the Program Director for Academic Operations in the Office for Postdocs described all their benefits. The following audio clip will also appear in a forthcoming podcast episode about on-campus resources.

Ryan U: “In terms of resources that my postdocs can access that would improve their finances, I would simply say it is the benefits at our institution. Our employees and trainees have equal access to these benefits. These benefits include things like free mental health counseling through our MDLive, also counseling through our employee assistance fund. We also have an employee assistance fund that our postdocs can apply to receive extra funds for any kind of specific situations. Other benefits are health related benefits, we have a very amazing fitness facility that they can join for free. They can also join programs through our UT Blue Cross insurance. So they can have a hinge health for free for people that have joint issues. There’s several weight loss programs. We also have child care coverage, that’s through a program called Bright Horizons. It’s actually a backup dependent care system, it’s not supposed to be used on a regular basis but you get at least 100 hours per year for backup dependent care. And I know that there’s a couple extra resources but I can’t think of them right now.”

Emily: Amazing! It’s great to hear that some institutions are looking out for all of their postdocs and trying to give them a really positive workplace experience.

Conclusion

Emily: So now I’ve learned, and perhaps you have as well, that being awarded an NIH NRSA or similar fellowship or grant as a postdoc does not mean that your position will lack the benefits that your postdoc employee peers have. At some institutions, the funding source makes no difference as all postdocs are employees. At others, you can be hired as a part-time employee to get some of the benefits. However, there are apparently still a lot of postdocs who are dealing with being classified as a non-employee and not receiving benefits. If you’re in this situation currently or you’re anticipating taking a postdoc position in the future, what can you do to give yourself a better chance of getting the same or almost the same benefits as the postdoc employees?

Emily: First, if you’re searching or interviewing for postdoc positions, consider targeting institutions where all postdocs are hired as employees or where there is an established workaround. Second, again during the interviewing process or after being hired, try to find the right administrator at the institution who can help you with your classification or a workaround.

Emily: Jamie Garcia shared that she helps her fellows do this:

Jamie G: “ I think if you can identify the right people to talk to, which is easier said than done, I believe that people want to help the postdocs, I don’t think that they’re out to make their lives harder. It’s just following protocol.”

Emily: However, Jamie observed that this is a bit easier for an outside funder acting as a liaison to do because they have more experience and ongoing relationships, plus

Jamie G: “As a postdoc, yes, your benefits are important, but you’re so worried about all of the work that you have to get done scientifically. So I think doing all this extra administrative stuff falls by the wayside more often than not.”

Emily: Third, if you’re already in a postdoc position as a non-employee, talk with your peers about their funding sources and benefits, such as through the postdoc association or union. You may find that a workaround can be put in place for you and your peers in a similar situation. This becomes more and more likely the more people speak up about this issue and point to solutions at other institutions. Jamie Lahvic from Season 14 Episode 3 also spoke to this approach during our interview:

Jamie L: “Great groups to kind of connect to for that are unions. Within the UC system, we have a strong postdoc union. And I think they had done a lot of pushing, both on how much you get paid, but also a lot of these minute policies about how you get paid. Even outside of a formal union, I’ve seen a lot of success from graduate students and postdocs just banding together and working together on these things. Whether that is kind of peer-to-peer advice and providing resources, or working together as a group to request something from your department, from your university.”

Emily: Fourth, if you can’t be hired as an employee and no workaround is available, you can attempt to negotiate for more money. Calculate the amount of money that you are losing compared to your employee peers with respect to your health insurance premium and its tax payment and the retirement account match. Ask for that much or more to be added to your salary. Honestly, if you’ve won an individual award and are bringing outside money to your institution, you should be paid even more than employees after normalizing for all benefits, and this does happen sometimes, although it may not be typical. Gary McDowell from S2 E3 observed that:

Gary M: “A lot postdocs are negotiating salaries a lot more than I think people know. I think there’s disparity in who’s asking who’s not asking.”

Emily: If all postdocs at your institution are on a set pay schedule and individual negotiations are not permitted, that’s all the more reason to get together with your peers to argue that all postdoc non-employees should receive a pay increase and/or additional benefits. Please let me know your reaction to this episode! Tell me about your workarounds or which institutions hire all postdocs as employees. You can reach me at [email protected].

Outro

Emily: Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! Nothing you hear on this podcast should be taken as financial, tax, or legal advice for any individual. The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by me and show notes creation by Dr. Jill Hoffman.

How to Live on Time to Maintain Margin in Your Financial Life

June 16, 2025 by Jill Hoffman 1 Comment

In this episode, Emily explains how to live on time with your finances. Living on time means maintaining financial margin in your life to be able to absorb unexpected occurrences in your income or spending. When you’re behind in your finances, your income is going out the door right after you receive it, you have balances on your credit cards that you can’t pay off until your next paycheck comes, and/or you are unprepared for the next manual tax payment that is required of you. This may be true even if you’re not experiencing financial consequences such as interest payments on debt. The good news is that it’s very simple, though not necessarily easy, to transition to living on time once you know what it means.

Links Mentioned in the Episode

How to Live on Time to Maintain Margin in Your Financial Life

Introduction

Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance.

This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others.

I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs.

This is Season 21, Episode 2, and today is a solo episode from me on how to live on time with your finances. Living on time means maintaining financial margin in your life to be able to absorb unexpected occurrences in your income or spending. When you’re behind in your finances, your income is going out the door right after you receive it, you have balances on your credit cards that you can’t pay off until your next paycheck comes, and/or you are unprepared for the next manual tax payment that is required of you. This may be true even if you’re not experiencing financial consequences such as interest payments on debt. The good news is that it’s very simple, though not necessarily easy, to transition to living on time once you know what it means.

I am delighted to announce that I am now offering one-on-one financial coaching! If you are a PhD or PhD-to-be in the US, I would be happy to serve as your financial coach. I can help you prioritize your financial goals, brainstorm and refine ideas for reducing spending, manage your side hustle income, start investing, prepare for tax season, set up a functional budget, evaluate a stipend or salary offer against your expected living expenses, and much more. What I can’t do is give you individualized investment or tax advice, but beyond that, it’s really open. As of now this coaching is structured as one-time appointments, so there’s no big commitment and you can book just one session or multiple at whatever interval makes sense to you. You can view my rates and book a free 15-minute initial call at PFforPhDs.com/coaching/. During that call, you’ll introduce yourself and your financial questions to me, I’ll let you know if we’re a good fit for a coaching relationship, and we’ll decide how you can best prepare for our first session together.

You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s21e2/.

Without further ado, here’s my solo episode on living on time.

Living on time is a concept I touch on in some of my financial education workshops, but I don’t always have time to expound and explain it completely, and it can be confusing. I decided to create this episode to go into detail about what I mean by it and how to enact it in your financial life. Also, this isn’t a concept that I really see other financial educators cover in depth so I can’t refer you to a book or similar resource. It’s not that mysterious or anything, as you’ll see, it’s probably more that the educators don’t have lower-income people front of mind for their teaching.

What Does It Mean to Live on Time Financially?

The basic concept here is that you shouldn’t unintentionally obligate your future income to pay for your current or past expenses. Basically, I’m encouraging you to not slide unknowingly into debt, although the debt I’m cautioning you about doesn’t always look like you might expect. I’ll share in a moment the three main ways this can easily happen.

The reason that I bring this up is that funded graduate students and others who live paycheck-to-paycheck, either habitually or occasionally, are particularly susceptible to not living on time and experiencing related consequences, such as overdraft fees, credit card interest, and financial stress.

What I’m going to suggest to you is a new way to be aware of your cash flow, i.e., your income coming in and your expenses going out, and that you exercise discipline to align with this concept of living on time. If you aren’t currently living on time, you are living with little or no margin in your financial life. When your financial life is going okay, do your best to live on time and create margin, so that the margin is there for you to access when your financial life is not going okay. In a way, this is an extension of the common financial advice to build an emergency fund.

Two more notes before we dive into what it means to live on time:

First, debt is a financial tool that is available to you. It’s not immoral or wrong to take out debt or be in debt. Debt is to various degrees financially damaging, so you should certainly carefully consider the type and amount of debt you take out. So when I said earlier that you shouldn’t unintentionally obligate your future income to pay for your current or past expenses, I’m not speaking about debt that you have intentionally taken out, such as student loans, a car loan, a mortgage, etc. In fact, I would rather you have a little more well-considered debt than to habitually live behind.

Second, I’m not at all shaming you for not living on time, if in the course of this episode you discover that you aren’t. I would venture that the vast majority of Americans do not practice what I’m about to outline. There are frequent instances in my own life when I’m not living on time and am eating into margin that I created in the past. That’s okay, that’s what it’s there for, but when you emerge from that tougher period, you should try to get back to living on time. Going back to the analogy of an emergency fund, your emergency fund is available for you to use, and after you spend some of it down, you should work gradually to build it back up so that it’s there for you the next time you need it.

Okay, enough beating around the bush, let’s get down to what I define as living on time financially.

1) All your income from one month goes to funding the next month’s spending.

In my view, monthly budgeting cycles make the most sense because so many of your bills are due once per month, including, virtually always, your largest bill, your rent or mortgage payment. A month is also long enough to average out most of your more frequent consumption-based expenses like groceries, car gas, eating out, etc. So if we are going to use a monthly cycle for our expenses, I also suggest that you create a monthly cycle for your income. Specifically, all the income that you bring in the course of a month funds the next month’s expenses. All of the income you receive in June should go toward funding your July expenses. That means that on July 1st, you should have sitting in your checking account all of your income from June, plus any buffer amount of money that you might like to keep in your checking account. That June income will be spent down over the course of July. All of the income you receive in July should be preserved for your August expenses.

If you are paid a monthly or bimonthly salary, this is a really simple and natural cycle to adopt. Things get a little more interesting when you are paid biweekly, weekly, or at some other cadence or have an income that varies with number of hours worked or amount of work accomplished. In those cases, the amount of money you take in over the course of a month will change, perhaps every month. I’ve seen people adopt really complex and confusing systems for handling their bills when their paycheck dates and amounts move around from month to month. They do this because they are using their income as soon as it comes in to pay expenses. In my view, it’s much simpler to wait. Collect all the income in the course of a month, know how much it is, and then use it in the subsequent month. You can even plan a unique monthly budget for every month if this happens a lot, but it’s all going to be based on money already received, not money you expect to receive.

If you are paid less frequently than monthly, which happens with some fellowships, your version of living on time does not include all income in one month funding the next month’s expenses because you don’t have income in every month. Tune back in later in this podcast season for a whole episode devoted to managing your unique income frequency.

In fact, the more of a time buffer you can create between when you receive your income and when you start spending it, the better, up to a point. When I was in graduate school, depending on my funding source, I was paid either on the 25th of the month or the last day of the month. I didn’t have much of a buffer because I was turning around and starting to pay expenses from that income within a day or a few days. After I finished grad school, I set up my business to pay my salary on the 15th of each month so that I could let that money rest, so to speak, for about two weeks before I started spending it in the subsequent month. My husband is currently paid bimonthly on the 15th and last day of the month. We’ve backed up our time buffer even a little further so that we let those paychecks rest for between half a month and a full month before we start to spend them, meaning that the money we will spend in July was received on May 31st and June 15th.

2) Use credit as debit and don’t slide into buy now pay later.

We’ve discussed living on time with respect to your income, and now I want to turn to living on time with respect to your expenses. The biggest danger in this area is the use of debt to delay actually paying for your expenses. This, too, can make budgeting much messier than it has to be.

The principle here is to use credit cards, if you choose to use them at all, as if they were debit cards. That means that every time you make a charge on a credit card, you already have the money to pay for that purchase in your checking account. You could pay the expense in cash, with debit, or with credit.

It’s all too easy with credit cards to push forward actually paying for the purchases you make for a few weeks or over a month. The same goes for buy now pay later schemes like Affirm and Afterpay.

To go back to our example from the last section, the money that you receive in June funds July’s expenses. Those July expenses can be put on a credit card, but you should be able to pay off the credit card in July with that June money. In fact, if you haven’t paid much attention to this before, I suggest that you pay your credit cards off completely at the end of each month to make sure you aren’t carrying any charges forward.

Getting behind with credit cards looks like making charges in July that you actually pay for in August or even September. If you combine it with using your income as soon as you receive it, you might be using August or even September income to pay for charges you made in July. That’s what I mean about unintentionally obligating your future income. You’re behind. And you didn’t even mean to be.

3) Keep up with your tax obligations.

This point only applies to people who are not having income tax automatically withheld from their paychecks, such as grad students, postdocs, and postbacs paid by fellowships or training grants who are US citizens, permanent residents, and residents for tax purposes.

Automatic income tax withholding by employers is very convenient for the individual. A more or less appropriate fraction of each paycheck is set aside and sent to the IRS and your state tax agency on your behalf to pay your annual income tax obligation. You never receive the money in your paychecks.

However, if you are not having income tax automatically withheld from your paychecks, that doesn’t mean you don’t owe the income tax. You will have to pay it at some point, whether it’s when you file your annual tax return or throughout the year via estimated tax payments.

For these individuals, I recommend setting up what I call a system of self-withholding, which means that from each paycheck, you automatically transfer the amount of money you expect to pay in income tax to a savings account dedicated to sequestering this money from the money available to you to spend. When it comes time to pay the IRS and your state tax agency, you pull the payment from this particular savings account, which has been pre-funded with the amount due.

Therefore, this is one more component of ‘living on time.’ If you don’t set aside the money for these tax payments, and perhaps spend it or allow it to leave your bank account for some other purpose, you will be caught out when the payment comes due and need to set up a payment plan with the IRS if you can’t pay—once again, sliding unintentionally into debt.

Living on time means preparing for your income tax bill with every paycheck that you receive, just like when you had an employer doing it for you.

I actually didn’t plan it this way, but it turns out that the day this episode drops, Monday, June 16, 2025, is the estimated tax payment deadline for quarter 2. And that is strange because June is the sixth month of the year, not the seventh. You would think that each quarter, for estimated tax purposes, would be three months long, with the payment due date coming midway through the following month, but you would not be correct. For whatever reason, the payments are due in mid-April, mid-June, mid-September, and mid-January, implying quarter lengths of three, two, three, and four months. Oh, but you still owe one-fourth of your calculated annual obligation on each due date. So to live on time, not only should you save a fraction of each paycheck for your future tax obligations, but you need to make sure that you save extra in quarter 2 or prior quarters to meet that early deadline.

Commercial

Emily here for a brief interlude.

Would you like to learn directly from me on a personal finance topic, such as taxes, goal-setting, investing, frugality, increasing income, or student loans, each tailored specifically for graduate students and postdocs? I offer seminars and workshops on these topics and more in a variety of formats, and I’m now booking for the 2025-2026 academic year.

If you would like to bring my content to your institution, would you please recommend me as a speaker or facilitator to your university, graduate school, graduate student association, medical school, postdoc office, or postdoc association? My workshops are usually slated as professional development or personal wellness. Orientations, postdoc appreciation week, or close to the start of the academic year would be a perfect time for tax education or general personal finance content. Ask the potential host to go to PFforPhDs.com/financial-education/ or simply email me at [email protected] to start the process.

I really appreciate these recommendations, which are the best way for me to start a conversation with a potential host. The paid work I do with universities and institutions enables me to keep producing this podcast and all my other free resources. Thank you in advance if you decide to issue a recommendation!

Now back to our interview.

Why Attempt to Live on Time

So why should you endeavor to live on time the way I have defined it, even if you don’t always live up to the ideal?

Think about what could happen if you don’t live on time—if you spend your paycheck the day after it comes in and put charges on a credit card that you aren’t able to pay off for a month or two?

First, the income side. If anything goes awry with your income and you don’t receive a paycheck when you expected it in the amount that you expected, immediately you’re overdue on bills or unable to buy gas or food without accessing debt. If you get sick and miss work and either don’t have paid sick leave or you run out, your next paycheck will be smaller than usual or nonexistent. If you depend on side hustle income, but it dries up suddenly, you may find yourself in a bind. If you are on fellowship, your university might play fast and loose with your paycheck date as they don’t have the same legal obligation to stick to a schedule that they would if you were employed. I’ve seen this happen over multiple years to fellows in the University of California system, for example, who expected a stipend disbursement on September 1, but it didn’t come until over a week later. And earlier this spring, the paychecks of NSF postdoc fellows arrived late because of interference by the Trump administration. Of course, none of that is the fault of the individual, but they are the ones to suffer the consequences of a late paycheck, so it’s best to be proactive to build in some margin. When you live on time, a paycheck coming late or in a smaller amount than anticipated is still a problem, but you’ve bought yourself some time to figure out how to pivot.

Second, the expenses side. If you’re spending money you don’t already have in your bank account on a regular basis, what happens when an unexpected expense arises or an expense is larger than you anticipated? You have no margin to absorb these expenses on a temporary basis so that you can figure out your next move. Maybe you’ll put the expense on a credit card, but that tips you into carrying credit card debt instead of managing to pay it off by the due date to avoid interest accruing. If you maintain margin on your credit cards through the habit of living on time, breaking that habit once in a while by making a charge you can’t pay for immediately gives you a handful of weeks to adjust your spending in other areas so that you can ideally pay it off by the due date.

You can see from these examples that it’s not a terrible thing to eat into this margin when you need to to buy yourself time. But if you never maintain the margin in the first place, sliding unintentionally into a type of debt, it can’t serve its purpose when you hit a speedbump in life.

Of course, if you do have an emergency fund, you could access it to handle a small or missed paycheck or an unexpectedly high expense. I just consider the emergency fund to be the backup layer to the margin that’s created by living on time.

In fact, I think you should get on time with your finances even before starting to build your official, separate emergency fund.

How to Start Living on Time

If you are not currently living on time in the most ideal sense, how do you start moving in that direction? The answer is perhaps disappointingly simple. You have to spend less than you earn—even more so than what you’ve been doing to this point.

The ultimate outcome I want for you is to start each month with zero balance on your credit cards and a checking account balance equal to all of your income from the prior month. You can also add a buffer of $500 or $1,000 if you feel more comfortable with that, and I would recommend that if you are operating off of a once-per-month paycheck that arrives late in the month.

As a variation on this, you don’t actually need to clear the balance off of your credit cards at the end of each month as long as you have enough in checking to cover the balances on top of your prior month’s income and you have all the cards on autopay. However, that means your target checking account balance will vary every month.

How do you get from where you are to your target checking account balance and zero balance credit cards? You have to save money. I suggest first trying to do so inside of your checking account because that is where the money ultimately needs to go. You basically need to see your checking account balance gradually increase month over month until you reach your target. But that process can be difficult to track with money cycling in and out all the time, so alternatively you can save money in a separate savings account until you reach your goal and then transfer it into checking and pay off your credit cards in one fell swoop. I would only recommend this method if you’re not accruing interest on credit card debt. After you reach your target checking account balance, all you have to do is maintain the correct balance. Or, if you use the margin for one reason or another, restore it as soon as you’re able to by, you guessed it, saving money.

How do you save money? It’s not really the topic of this episode, but your choices are essentially to earn more, spend less, or redirect your existing savings rate. Your mileage will definitely vary on which of those options is most accessible.

If you are currently saving money for a different goal, I would suggest pausing progress on that goal until you’re living on time. The exception would be if your goal is to repay high interest rate debt, in which case that can take precedence. Whatever goal you’re working toward would get disrupted anyway if you had a loss of income or an unexpected expense.

If this is a goal that can be accomplished in the short term, the most immediate way to increase your savings rate is likely to spend less, so try some temporary fasts from discretionary spending such as eating out, alcohol, and entertainment and re-evaluate your small, fixed expenses like subscriptions.

If this is a longer-term goal, you can try to increase your income through side hustling, if that’s permissible, by winning a fellowship or grant, or negotiating. I also recommend re-evaluating your large, fixed expenses such as housing and transportation and creating new habits to reduce your grocery spending.

In closing, I want to emphasize that living on time is an ideal, and I don’t expect you and you shouldn’t expect yourself to live up to it 100% of the time. However, if you make it a general practice to reserve all of your income from one month to fund the next month’s spending, use your credit cards as if they were debit cards, and keep up with your tax obligations, you will have financial margin in your life to absorb the smaller shocks that you might experience like a late paycheck or unexpected expense. To get to living on time, you just have to save money so that your checking account balance grows to your target level at the start of each month.

Outro

Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode!

I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/.

Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/.

See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps!

Nothing you hear on this podcast should be taken as financial, tax, or legal advice for any individual.

The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC.

Podcast editing by me and show notes creation by Dr. Jill Hoffman.

Start Graduate School on the Right Financial Foot Workshop Advance Preparation

June 5, 2025 by Emily Leave a Comment

Thank you for registering for Start Graduate School on the Right Financial Foot! Please complete the action item below prior to the date of the workshop so that you can receive the full benefits of the workshop.

Bring your balance sheet. A balance sheet is a record of all of your current financial assets and liabilities. If you don’t have a balance sheet, please take some time to create one. You can download a template spreadsheet as well as some instructions via this link. Feel free to use a different template if you prefer. You will work with your balance sheet during the workshop.

During the workshop, we’ll be working with spreadsheets and PDFs. If the workshop is in person, please bring your laptop or tablet. If the workshop is remote, please set your workspace up so that you can best juggle Zoom alongside the other programs.

I look forward to speaking with you during the workshop!

How to Reduce Financial Anxiety as a Limited-Income PhD

June 2, 2025 by Jill Hoffman Leave a Comment

In this episode, Emily presents five suggestions for reducing financial anxiety that you could use alongside your general anxiety management strategies. These five suggestions are designed to be used by graduate students, postdocs, and PhDs who are in objectively stressful financial situations. They include choosing just one financial goal, taking a small step, creating a recurring appointment, thinking through the worst case scenario, and talking with others.

Links mentioned in the Episode

How to Reduce Financial Anxiety as a Limited-Income PhD

Introduction

Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs.

This is Season 21, Episode 1, and today is a solo episode from me with five suggestions for reducing financial anxiety that you could use alongside your general anxiety management strategies. These five suggestions are designed to be used by graduate students, postdocs, and PhDs who are in objectively stressful financial situations. They include choosing just one financial goal, taking a small step, creating a recurring appointment, thinking through the worst case scenario, and talking with others.

I recently created a new workshop, the topic of which dovetails pretty nicely with this episode. The title is Create Your Financial Emergency Response Plan. As the name implies, during the workshop, I guide you through creating a plan for handling the type of financial emergency you’re most likely to encounter at the moment, which is the loss of your primary income. The idea is to really think through the resources that you would rely on if your grant gets cancelled, your funding runs out, you’re laid off, or you can’t land a job as quickly as you expected. Then, you’ll decide what steps you can take in the immediate future to bolster your plan’s likelihood of success. I piloted this workshop with subscribers to my mailing list, and it was very well received. I’m offering this workshop in two formats. The first is as a live workshop for university clients, so if you’d like to learn more about that you can go to PFforPhDs.com/financial-education/. I would really appreciate you recommending the workshop to an appropriate host at your institution. The second is as a pre-recorded workshop for individuals. You can read more details about this option and purchase it via PFforPhDs.com/financialemergency/.

If you perceive that there’s a reasonable chance that you might lose of your primary income in the next year or so, I hope that you will find a way to take this workshop, either via your institution or individually, so that you can create your plan and experience a bit of relief from the financial anxiety and stress that our academic and research community is currently experiencing. You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s21e1/. Without further ado, here’s my solo episode on reducing financial anxiety.

Disclaimer

I have to get this out of the way up front: I’m not a psychologist or anything similar—my PhD is in engineering—so the strategies I’m sharing with you today don’t necessarily have a medical or clinical basis or backing. Also I personally am not a generally anxious person and I’ve never sought treatment for anxiety or anything like that. I have experienced financial anxiety and financial stress at times, particularly when I was in graduate school, because money is obviously important to me and objectively that was a financially challenging time, and I did become too preoccupied with it for a while. However, I’m more so coming to this topic from my position as a financial educator, someone who is thoughtful about finances, reads and listens widely, and talks with people. And I have noticed that many people in our PhD community experience some degree of financial anxiety as well as financial stress.

What Is Financial Anxiety?

One conversation in particular inspired this episode. This past spring, I gave away a bunch of one-on-one money coaching sessions as part of my Giveaway Spring initiative. One of those coachees, a graduate student, came to me with the chief question, “How do I reduce my financial anxiety?” The person shared that they also experience climate anxiety and had found a body of suggestions for reducing it that were helpful, and so were looking for something similar in the financial realm.

I thought this was a fantastic question, but I wasn’t very well-prepared to answer it during that coaching session. I did make a couple of suggestions and gave a podcast recommendation, but promised to look into the topic further. This podcast episode is my follow-up for that coachee and all of you.

Let’s start off with a definition of financial anxiety, because it is distinct from stress, and I want to at least try to not conflate the two.

I pulled this definition of anxiety from the American Psychological Association’s website: “Anxiety is an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts, and physical changes like increased blood pressure. Anxiety is not the same as fear, but they are often used interchangeably. Anxiety is considered a future-oriented, long-acting response broadly focused on a diffuse threat, whereas fear is an appropriate, present-oriented, and short-lived response to a clearly identifiable and specific threat” (https://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety).

Furthermore, I pulled this summary of financial anxiety from an article from Healthline: “Money anxiety, in basic terms, happens when you worry about your income or fear something bad could happen with your finances. To put it another way, it’s an emotional response to your financial situation… A few signs your anxiety around money is becoming a more serious concern are aches and pains, avoidance, analysis paralysis, no work-life balance, rigidity, rumination, and trouble sleeping” (https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/money-anxiety#signs).

If you are experiencing financial anxiety, you should put into practice general anxiety-reducing advice to the extent of your ability, things like getting enough sleep, eating well, exercise, meditation and mindfulness, etc. You should also consider therapy, if that is accessible to you, such as through your university. In this episode, I’m going to focus on ideas for reducing anxiety long-term that are more specific to your finances. These strategies are ones that I pointed to during that coaching session and that I teach in my workshops. I’m going to avoid strategies that will primarily reduce your financial stress, like earning more or spending less, to focus more on the anxiety reduction. Of course, not all these strategies may work for you since anxiety is caused by and manifests differently in everyone.

Suggestion #1: Choose Just One Financial Goal to Work on at a Time

Here’s something I like to say in my financial goals workshop: There are a lot of good things you could be doing with your money. When you’re living on a limited grad student stipend or postdoc salary, you can’t work on all of them at once. You have to pick and choose the most optimal single goal. When you focus all of your available savings rate on just one goal at a time, you make relatively quick progress, which helps you to stay motivated and even get creative about how you might reach your goal even faster. When you split your available savings rate across multiple goals, you make slow or even imperceptible progress toward all of them, which can be very demotivating, and you’re more likely to abandon your plan.

How I think this principle can help with anxiety is that you give yourself permission to set aside all of your potential priorities save for the single one you’ve decided to work toward in the present. Instead of spinning your wheels in your mind telling yourself that you should be addressing every single aspect of your financial life or potential financial life, you can feel calm and settled that you are working toward the one most important thing you should be doing at the moment. The rest can wait until later.

In my workshops, I teach a financial framework that guides you in selecting that singular goal that’s most appropriate for you at any given time. I get a lot of questions like should I repay my student loans while they’re in deferment or start to invest? Should I save up cash or pay down my credit card debt? The framework answers those questions. If you can accept that it’s best to work on just one goal at a time and have confidence that you’ve chosen the most optimal goal to work toward, hopefully your mind can rest easier that you’re doing everything you need to right now and that those other goals will be addressed when the time is right.

While I can’t present my whole financial framework in this podcast episode, I will get you started on it: Step 1 is to create a starter emergency fund in a separate, named, high-yield savings account. Previously, in normal times, I suggested a starter emergency fund size of $1,000 to two months of expenses. Since academia and research are currently under attack in the US, I’ve revised the target size for the starter emergency fund to three months of expenses.

The good thing about having a target for this goal is that there is a defined end point. I have actually seen a tendency to over-save among some PhD trainees, and that is potentially financial anxiety manifesting itself. Having an emergency fund is vital, but there are other great financial goals to work toward as well, namely steps 2 through 8 of my framework, so it’s important to move on once you’ve fulfilled the first step. Excess savings are not actually serving any practical function for most people most of the time.

Suggestion #2: Take Just One Small Step

Related to that first suggestion of picking just a single goal, even a goal can be too overwhelming sometimes. For example, Step 2 of my framework is to pay off all high-priority debt, which includes credit card debt, IRS debt, and high interest rate debt. That’s a lot! So you really have to break it down further to make it manageable; it’s still far too intimidating as a group of debts.

Pick just one of these various debts that you want to work on first. Let’s say it’s a credit card balance. Break it down even further. What’s the one very first smallest step you can take to start to clear this debt? Maybe you could set up autopay on that card for more than the minimum, unsave the card from your online shopping portals and wallets, or eliminate one recurring expense so you can shift the money over to repaying the debt. Maybe you need to simply log in to the account and look at the balance if you’ve been avoiding that! Choose something readily accomplishable in just a few minutes.

Taking that very first small step might help to alleviate some anxiety because you are starting to take appropriate action. Again, you don’t have to do everything all at once, and in fact trying to tackle everything simultaneously can be counterproductive. Don’t beat yourself up about not going from A to Z immediately. It’s better to take one small step and then another than to stay stuck at the starting line.

Commercial

Emily here for a brief interlude. Would you like to learn directly from me on a personal finance topic, such as taxes, goal-setting, investing, frugality, increasing income, or student loans, each tailored specifically for graduate students and postdocs? I offer seminars and workshops on these topics and more in a variety of formats, and I’m now booking for the 2025-2026 academic year. If you would like to bring my content to your institution, would you please recommend me as a speaker or facilitator to your university, graduate school, graduate student association, medical school, postdoc office, or postdoc association? My workshops are usually slated as professional development or personal wellness. Orientations, postdoc appreciation week, or close to the start of the academic year would be a perfect time for tax education or general personal finance content. Ask the potential host to go to PFforPhDs.com/financial-education/ or simply email me at [email protected] to start the process. I really appreciate these recommendations, which are the best way for me to start a conversation with a potential host. The paid work I do with universities and institutions enables me to keep producing this podcast and all my other free resources. Thank you in advance if you decide to issue a recommendation! Now back to our interview.

Suggestion #3: Create a Recurring Appointment with Your Finances

My next suggestion is one that I came up with spontaneously during the coaching session that I mentioned, and it’s a variation on a commonly recommended tactic. The idea is to create a recurring appointment to address your finances, perhaps 30 to 60 minutes 2 to 4 times per month. In a couple, this is often referred to as a money date, but I think it would work very well for a person managing financial anxiety, whether single or coupled, and that’s how I’ll speak about it now.

During your money appointment, you should run through a few potential action items.

1) What do I need to decide regarding my finances? This is your time to think through and possibly research decisions you need to make. Maybe you want to open a new type of account and you’ll use this time to review your options. Maybe you have an upcoming spending opportunity and you need to figure out whether it’s possible and how you’ll pay for it. Updating your budget is a type of decision as well.

2) What do I need to do regarding my finances? This might involve carrying out a decision you just made or made previously. It probably involves minor recurrings tasks, like recording your net worth, updating your tracked expenses and comparing them to your budget, or manually paying a bill.

3) What do I need to learn regarding my finances? I think that you should make financial education a regular part of your life, and you might devote a portion of each appointment to it. Perhaps you can read a book in installments, listen to a podcast episode, or catch up on a financial creator’s social media content. This learning could be targeted to a certain topic you want to bone up on or be general.

4) What do I need to celebrate regarding my finances? Take some time to acknowledge when you’ve accomplished a goal or reached a milestone. Your celebration might just be an internal “good job!” during your appointment, or you could commit to a more visible celebration, like treating yourself or sharing your good news with a family member or friend.

What this strategy, when practiced regularly, could do for your anxiety is two-fold:

First, you will do things within your finances. Because of the regular attention you’re giving your financial decisions and tasks, your to-do list will get whittled down and you will make positive strides. It can help you get out of the procrastination-perfectionism cycle that is so common among PhDs. After a while, you start to trust yourself that you are appropriately handling your money—because you are! This can reduce anxiety in some cases.

Second, with this meeting, you have created a time container for your financial energy, whether that’s positive energy or negative. When you start to experience more acute financial anxiety, part of how you can alleviate it is to tell yourself that you will think about and/or deal with the matter during your next appointment. You can even keep a running agenda so items don’t slip through the cracks. You might also want to limit your consumption of financial content, like this podcast, to this appointment window only. This can help you calm your mind outside of those meeting times so you aren’t ruminating 24/7 about financial matters. You have already marked on your calendar when you’re going to address it so you can have confidence that it will be addressed at the appropriate time.

One final tip: Occasionally, you may need to call or chat with a financial institution during business hours. So, while your regular appointment time does not need to be during business hours, it might be helpful to identify a secondary time that falls within that window that you can use for that purpose when necessary.

Suggestion #4: Think Through the Worst Case Scenario

During another recent coaching session, not specifically related to financial anxiety, the coachee shared with me that they had an impulse to hold on to grant money they received and not spend it on research. Their reasoning was that they could keep the money in reserve for future research expenses in case they never won another grant. However, they had already told me during the session that in the past spending grant money on research expenses produced results that, as you would expect, made their subsequent grant applications stronger.

So I asked that coachee, “Well, let’s say that your worst-case scenario came to pass and you never won another grant. What would happen? Would you still be able to finish your PhD?” We talked through that for a few minutes, and the coachee realized that they had ways to pivot if they didn’t get any more grants and that the proper course of action would be to spend the already received grant money instead of holding onto it.

The coachee had been held up by this decision about what to do with the grant money for some time before we met. Yet all that really needed to happen was to face the dragon, so to speak. Once they looked the dragon of not winning another grant full in the face, they realized that it wasn’t so scary and was in fact manageable.

Other scary potential scenarios that might cause anxiety could be funding being cut off or running out, a soft job market in your chosen field, rising cost of living, or a personal or familial emergency.

Now, realizing that the scenario is manageable is not always going to be the outcome when you decide to address the source of your financial anxiety or stress. However, I think often it is the case that you’ll feel better having fully faced the possible worst case scenario rather than trying not to think about it.

I saw this with the pilot version of Create Your Financial Emergency Response Plan. I asked participants to self-report their financial anxiety on a scale of 1 to 5 at the beginning and end of the workshop, and they reported a 1-point reduction over that span of time. What we did, in part, was face up to the possibility that the participants could lose their primary incomes and created a plan for what resources to draw upon if that happened. The participants left the workshop with a few next steps to carry out or research to increase the chance of their plan successfully helping them navigate a loss of income.

Suggestion #5: Talk with Other People about Money

The last option I’ll put forward for reducing your financial anxiety is to talk with other people about money generally or your financial anxiety in particular. It can really help to know that you’re not alone in your struggles, stress, and anxiety. In fact, these coachees that I’ve been mentioning were taking this exact step when they signed up for a session with me, and several of them spontaneously expressed at the end of our time how much it had helped them emotionally just to talk and hear from me.

Of course, financial coaching isn’t the only way you can accomplish this. You can broach the topic with a friend or family member. Polling shows that financial stress and anxiety are very common among Americans generally, and I have to imagine it’s only increased in our current financially uncertain times. It may help to speak with someone who knows more intimately what’s going on right now in academia and research, like a friend who’s also a peer. I certainly found it easier to talk about money with my fellow grad students back when I was in that stage of life because I knew all of our incomes were within a tight range so we could all relate to one another.

If even speaking with a friend is too much, going back to the small step suggestion, perhaps consume some public financial content. Not if it worsens your anxiety of course, but if you find it helpful. You already know about this podcast. Another podcast that might help is called Money Feels, and I would suggest in particular the early episodes, where they speak often about money trauma. Again, you might find that particular podcast helpful or super not helpful, but there are lots of financial content creators out there on every platform for you to choose among.

That’s it from me for this episode! I hope that if you are experiencing financial anxiety that you will try out one of these suggestions alongside your other general management strategies. If you do, please let me know how it goes!

Outro

Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! Nothing you hear on this podcast should be taken as financial, tax, or legal advice for any individual. The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by me and show notes creation by Dr. Jill Hoffman.

How This DDS/PhD Student Purchased a Condo in San Francisco

May 5, 2025 by Jill Hoffman

In this episode, Emily interviews Hannah Takasuka, a 3rd-year PhD/DDS student at the University of California, San Francisco. Hannah is in the process of purchasing a condo in San Francisco as part of a governmental program to provide affordable housing. Hannah overcame multiple hurdles in the journey to home ownership, including being rejected by mortgage lenders over her fellowship income. Several puzzle pieces have to come together for any graduate student to purchase a home, and Hannah shares all the numbers and details for how it happened for her.

Links mentioned in the Episode

How This DDS/PhD Student Purchased a Condo in San Francisco

Teaser

Hannah (00:00): I’m thankful being a PhD student has taught me to normalize, “Oh shoot, I’m in trouble. Let’s ask for help.”

Introduction

Emily (00:19): Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs.

Emily (00:49): This is Season 20, Episode 9, and today my guest is Hannah Takasuka, a 3rd-year PhD/DDS student at the University of California, San Francisco. Hannah is in the process of purchasing a condo in San Francisco as part of a governmental program to provide affordable housing. Hannah overcame multiple hurdles in the journey to home ownership, including being rejected by mortgage lenders over her fellowship income. Several puzzle pieces have to come together for any graduate student to purchase a home, and Hannah shares all the numbers and details for how it happened for her.

Emily (01:22): Because we in academia and research are experiencing such precarity in our finances and careers at the moment, I’m doing as much as I can on the financial education side to help you. I’m calling this initiative Giveaway Spring. I’m giving away 60-minute group Q&A calls, 30-minute individual coaching sessions, books, and digital resources—all completely for free—and I’m also sharing the best free financial and career resources I come across for PhDs. Register for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/giveaway/ to receive all the details of the current giveaways and an update every other week. By the way, this is the last episode of Season 20 of this podcast. We’ll be back with Season 21 on June 2, 2025. You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s20e9/. Without further ado, here’s my interview with Hannah Takasuka.

Will You Please Introduce Yourself Further?

Emily (02:36): I am delighted to have on the podcast today, Hannah Takasuka, who is a third year graduate student at the University of California San Francisco. And I’m really especially delighted to have Hannah on because she actually helped bring me out to campus for a workshop earlier in 2025, and that was a great experience. So here we are recording in March, 2025, and Hannah is actually under contract for her first home in San Francisco. And that is shocking. And so we’re gonna find out in the course of this interview, um, how exactly that happened. So Hannah, welcome to the podcast. I’m so glad to have you on. Um, and will you please introduce yourself a little bit further?

Hannah (03:13): Yes. Um, it’s great to talk with you, Emily. Uh, my name is Hannah. I am a third year DDS PhD student. Um, so after getting my PhD I’ll go to dental school and it’s a similar funding mechanism to the MD PhDs,

Emily (03:27): Emily here breaking in during the editing process. Following our interview recording, Hannah sent me some additional audio contextualizing our conversation and I thought it would fit well here.

Hannah (03:38): Hi, Emily and listeners of her channel. Something that I wanted to express in the podcast but I didn’t have a chance to, was a sense of humility. I do wanna give the disclaimer that, um, being able to buy a home as a third year PhD student is a huge privilege that not everyone has. Um, and people might make certain assumptions about a third year PhD home buyer, um, that like I’m someone who has everything together with my finances, um, and I wanna put down others. Um, or just that there’s this Instagram idea that you see, um, people who seem to be doing everything right in the world and you compare yourself and you think, oh, because I’m not there, I’m not sufficient enough. Um, and so as a point of humility. I still have a lot to improve in my personal finances as well, even with the basics. So at Emily’s budgeting workshop that she hosted at my university, I learned how important it is not to only forecast, um, what your budget should be, but to actually have an automatic tracking system to see how you spent your money compares to what you had projected. Um, and so that’s something that I’m still working on implementing. Um, I’m, I’m part of the way there, but not, not fully there. Um, and so again, I just want to encourage you all to make the steps that make the best sense for you. Um, and home buying in San Francisco is not going to be, is not gonna probably make sense to most, um, PhD students, but I hope that I demonstrated, um, that it is a possibility, um, for some and that it might make sense for you.

Emily (05:41): Alright, back to the interview. Now, did you move to San Francisco when you started graduate school and and what year was that?

Hannah (05:48): I did, uh, that was July, 2022.

Considering Home Ownership as Graduate Student in a High Cost of Living Area

Emily (05:51): And when you moved to San Francisco or, you know, sometime after that, obviously you started considering home ownership, which honestly is something that I would completely write off for a graduate student in San Francisco. And honestly, a lot of even professionals in San Francisco don’t own their own homes. They don’t necessarily see the math as making sense for that. So I’m just really curious about, um, why you even started considering purchasing a home.

Hannah (06:17): Mm-hmm <affirmative>. So I know I wanna be here long term. Um, at least for the next 10 years. Being a DDS PhD student means that I’m here for eight years and I’m, high cost of living cities come with pros and cons. Uh, one of the great pros though is that there’s great career opportunities. Um, and for me, I’m also blessed that I have a lot of family nearby. And so for me it just makes sense to be staying here long term and looking at market rate places. Uh, you’d be correct, Emily. The math doesn’t make sense most of the time. Um, I was going for a walk one day in my neighborhood and I saw this huge sign that said, um, middle income housing available, um, condos are $260 to $500,000. Um, and so decided to call my dad and say, Hey, I saw this sign, like 260,000 is probably way too much. ’cause I had no idea what that number meant at the time. Just sounds like a big number. Um, but my dad says, oh no, Hannah, like, you need to look into that. I’m like, okay, no, no uncertainty there that I need to look more into it. So, um, decided to look more into it and, uh, thankful that it worked out.

Emily (07:34): What does this mean? What is this middle income housing? Is the housing different than other housing or is it just that the loans are structured differently? Or what is this?

Hannah (07:45): Mm-hmm <affirmative>. It could be a combination of both. San Francisco has their permitting for housing, such that 10% of any new construction needs to be designated as below market rate housing, and then you need to fall under a certain income bracket in order to qualify for that. Um, below market rate housing, um, there is also a fee, uh, that new construction can opt out of, uh, building that 10%, uh, below market rate housing. And that fee will go towards, um, affordable housing projects. And so in my case, my entire building is, um, below market rate and run by the city.

Emily (08:26): Wow. What an incredible opportunity. Had you known anyone else who, who purchased a home as a PhD student? Like with the same sort of program?

Hannah (08:37): I do not, no.

Housing Costs and the Home Buying Process in San Francisco

Emily (08:38): Okay. So it was really just you saw a sign and you had to look it further. Amazing. Um, and also just really good on you that and your father too, for pointing you in that direction of like, oh no, like, let’s, let’s go ahead and start, you know, down this road and start investigating this. Maybe we should talk a little bit about the, the sale price of the, of the home that you’re now under contract for. Um, just so we can get an idea of like your income, how that compares to your new mortgage, and also how that would compare to maybe where you were renting before or other similar place that you might rent. Can you just give us a sense of what’s going on with these numbers? Numbers?

Hannah (09:14): Mm-hmm <affirmative>. Um, yeah, so my purchase price is gonna be 260,000, um, and my graduate student stipend is four, uh, $4,200. Um, not including the health insurance, um, but we do need to take taxes out of that. Um, and currently I rent at UCSF housing for $1,350 per month.

Emily (09:41): And your UCSF housing, um, do you have like a studio one bedroom place or do you have a roommate?

Hannah (09:47): Uh, I have a roommate and it’s a two bedroom.

Emily (09:50): Okay. And is that, would you say that that is a subsidized cost or that that’s pretty standard for what you’re getting?

Hannah (09:56): It’s a subsidized cost for sure.

Emily (09:59): Okay, interesting. So you have making the, you’ve made the decision then to move out of subsidized housing into your own owned place. Amazing. And can you tell us, is there anything else you wanna add about this, you know, this opportunity, this program that you’re participating in? Obviously what I’ve heard so far is that these builders have to make the housing available to you. Um, but is there any like special, um, way that you have to, uh, you know, submit bids on the house? Or is it just kind of like regular now that it’s made available? The, in terms of the buying process,

Hannah (10:36): There’s limitations to it. Um, and then there’s also a lottery process, um, both of which are a bit exhausting to think through, um, but can be worthwhile depending on your situation. And I’m thankful that, yeah, I worked through the different, um, thought about the different limitations. Um, so in terms of the lottery system, there were 115 units available in my building. There ended up being 400 people who applied. However, at the workshop they were letting us know that for previous below market rate buildings, um, they’ve gotten to the end of their applicant list because people would decline by the time that the offers came through. For me, I ended up, uh, being fortunate in looking into the different lottery preferences. Um, so if you’re a veteran or um, if you’ve been displaced by a fire, those are a couple of the lottery preferences. The last one is live or work in San Francisco before it goes to general population. Um, and so that’s where most of the people fall. Um, for me, because my family actually came to San Francisco in, um, the early 19 hundreds, um, my great grandmother qualified me, uh, to be considered a descendant of, uh, someone who was affected by unjustified San Francisco gentrification. And that put me in the top bracket such that I had first choice for the units that were 260,000, um, for a one person, uh, one bedroom, um, condo.

Emily (12:18): Amazing. Yeah. You clearly did a bit of legwork on this and it sounds like also you mentioned a workshop, so they’re also kind of offering a lot of information about how this process works kind of upfront, is that right?

Hannah (12:29): Mm-hmm. Yes. Yes.

Emily (12:30): And you mentioned an income limitation also. Do you recall what that was? Obviously you were under it, but you, do you know what the ceiling was?

Hannah (12:37): Mm-hmm <affirmative>. Um, it’s 80% of the area median income, uh, which I believe is about $84,000.

Explaining Graduate Student Income to Mortgage Lenders

Emily (12:43): Yeah, you’re well under that. Super fascinating. Thank you very much. This of course, will be left up as an exercise for the listener, whether their own city has anything, you know, similar in terms of affordable housing being, you know, built and all of that. So that’s awesome that you’ve brought this like to our attention. Okay. But as a graduate student, you may have income, the type of income may be unfamiliar to the lenders who were involved in this. So can you tell us that story?

Hannah (13:12): Sure. Yeah. So there’s, um, a list of maybe 20 lenders that are approved through the city. Um, and you have to pick from that list of 20 for these programs. And so I just reached out to three of them, um, sent them my income and, uh, filled out the application in which you say your employer and how much income that is. And then the next step is that they request your W2. And so I uploaded my 1098T and immediately everyone, all of those three people were confused, like, what is this? I think they’re assuming that I could be an undergraduate student with just a lot of scholarships. And so I was trying to send them a letter saying, Hey, I’m actually union protected, um, I have health insurance year round, here’s a letter from my PI. And just each lender has their different guidelines and knowledge of whether, and also whether they’re willing to look into those guidelines is kind of, um, the vibe that I was receiving. Um, and so I reached out to, uh, your brother Sam to ask how to get help with this because I didn’t seem like I could resolve it on my own.

Emily (14:29): Yeah. So for the listeners, my brother Sam Hogan is a mortgage originator. And because of our relationship, because I had told him years ago how many issues people in our community like Hannah are running into having fellowship income not documented in a way these, you know, lenders expect. Um, he started looking into it now he like specializes in this area. So plug for Sam if you have any, you know, um, questions about getting a mortgage as a first time home buyer especially, and especially, especially if you’re on fellowship, um, please reach out to him. We often do live, um, ask me anything. So if there’s one coming up, you can go to pfforphds.com/mortgage and see if there’s one coming up that you can join and chat with him. Um, but kind of like back to the story. So what happened <laugh>? Like, did you ask him questions? He gave you information to help work with the lenders? Or how did this end up resolving itself?

Hannah (15:20): I was able to learn from Sam and his videos, the language to use towards the other lenders. And so I was just very upfront in the first email saying, hi, I’m Hannah I’m a graduate student researcher. I have a 1098T I don’t have significant W2 income. Um, I know that under Fannie Mae guidelines I need to show three years continuance. And so here’s a letter that I have supporting that, which was great to know in comparison to the exhausting process of filling out the entire mortgage application and then hearing later as if it was a surprise to them.

Emily (15:58): Yeah, absolutely. And that has been, unfortunately the experience of numerous, numerous graduate students and postdocs who have this unusual income type is like, you know, the, the lenders, they look at your number, they look at your annual salary or whatever, and they’re like, oh yeah, we’re good to go. And then once it gets to the documentation stage. That’s where they pull back. And like you said, it can take quite a bit of legwork even just to get all the information over to them. So that can be really disappointing when that happens. And for other people, I know sometimes they’re under contract by that point and it’s like they’ve got a ticking clock kind of timeline that they’re working on and their lender has just said, no, we can’t work with you. Right. So that’s, that’s what ends up, um, Sam, it’s called rescuing mortgages. That’s what Sam ends up doing for a lot of PhDs is he kind of comes in like late in the process because the other lender has just figured out they’re not gonna be able to actually follow through <laugh> the way that they thought. So that can be really scary. Um, I’m glad that it sounds like you weren’t under that kind of time pressure, but you know, in searching for a lender, it, it took, um, a bit of legwork on your part. Okay. Is there anything else that you need to add to the lender aspect of the story or regarding your income?

Hannah (17:02): It took a lot of work, but I’m thankful that I did it. Um, so I, you know, I reached out to the city saying, Hey, I’ve reached out to 11 lenders on your list and they’ve all said no or ghosted me. Um, and I don’t want to, I don’t know what to do. This is the same time I was reaching out to Sam. Um, I think that I’m thankful being a PhD student has taught me to normalize, oh shoot, I’m in trouble. Let’s ask for help. Um, and I think that I’ll be able to achieve great things, um, with the help of others.

Saving for a Down Payment as a Graduate Student

Emily (17:37): Absolutely. What a great observation and attitude to have about this process. And of course you didn’t wanna let this opportunity slip you by, right? Like, this is an amazing, especially as you said, because you plan on living in San Francisco long term, what an incredible, um, time to be able to purchase. Um, I wanna hear a little bit more about the purchase details, if you don’t mind, because a lot of things have to come together for a graduate student to be able to purchase a home. So your income we’ve already discussed and how this program is particularly helping you, but you also have to consider like your debt load. Um, and you also have to consider like your credit score and down payment, although all those kinds of things. Would you be able to provide any details about how it worked in your situation?

Hannah (18:21): Sure. Um, so I’m super fortunate with a combination of, um, my family situation and my own actions that I came out of college without any debt, um, and saved about 15,000 with my first couple of years of just working. Um, and then my last year of college I had an engineering industry internship and so I was able to save about $30,000 with that by, um, living with family and not having significant housing costs. Um, yeah, and so then with a couple of years of my PhD, um, and investing with the past couple of years, uh, was able to save a hundred thousand dollars to put down for my down payment. Um, so there, there were a lot of puzzle pieces that had to come together as you mentioned. Um, and there’s a small time window in which it would work out in the sense that I need to be able to save enough to put down a decent down payment, um, to be able to afford a mortgage within the certain loan to debt ratios that the mortgage lenders require. Um, but then my income needs to be low enough and I still need to have three years of continuance <laugh>. So I don’t know if it would’ve worked if I tried a year later ’cause I don’t know if I would’ve had the three years continuance.

Emily (19:53): Right. Well that’s incredible. What an amazing accomplishment to be able to save up that much, especially starting as a college student, um, and also, you know, to invest it and so forth. Like so glad that worked out for you. Was there like a minimum down payment required or like why did you choose that number to put down? I guess did it have to be that high to make the mortgage numbers work on your income or what, what was the choice behind that?

Hannah (20:19): I learned that our health insurance part of our income isn’t considered income to the mortgage lender. And so it’s about the maximum that I can take with the mortgage and being within the debt loan ratio, which I think is about 30%. Yeah. Yeah. So that, that was the number I, I could put more of a down payment if I wanted to. Um, but I couldn’t put down too much less, um, with the HOA being $400 and then, uh, which is low for San Francisco, HOAs and San Francisco are usually about a thousand dollars. And a lot of times that’s what makes, uh, the below market rate condos that are in 90% that it’s market rate not worthwhile. Um, because for a graduate student having an HOA of a thousand dollars, that’s just like practically our whole rent.

Emily (21:10): Okay. So it sounds like, and this is something I’ve heard from Sam as well, that like, as you said, it’s a, it’s like a needle you have to thread <laugh>, like, um, you need the maximum loan it sounds like, that you could take out on your income with the interest rates available at the moment was about $160,000. That was how much they were willing to extend you. And so you needed to come up with that other a hundred thousand, um, to get to the purchase price does. Is that correct? Yeah. And that’s something that I do hear from Sam quite a bit. Like, yes, I can create a mortgage on this type of income, but the income is obviously low and especially in other areas of the country, it’s gonna be significantly lower than yours. Um, you know, there’s only so many multiples of that <laugh> you can get to until you have to get to like the housing price. And then a larger down payment can sometimes help help in this, but where does that down payment come from? In your case, you did the savings early on and obviously you’ve been very diligent to build that up. Other people, they might ask for gifts from family members to make up the difference, something like that. So there’s, you know, someone has to have the resources, but there’s a couple ways to kind of solve it. Um, incredible, incredible.

Commercial

Emily (22:20): Emily here for a brief interlude. Would you like to learn directly from me on a personal finance topic, such as taxes, goal-setting, investing, frugality, increasing income, or student loans, each tailored specifically for graduate students and postdocs? I offer seminars and workshops on these topics and more in a variety of formats. This is a perfect time to book me for a workshop at the end of the current fiscal year or at the beginning of the upcoming academic year. If you would like to bring my content to your institution, would you please recommend me as a speaker or facilitator to your university, graduate school, graduate student association, or postdoc office? My seminars are usually slated as professional development or personal wellness. Ask the potential host to go to PFforPhDs.com/financial-education/ or simply email me at [email protected] to start the process. I really appreciate these recommendations, which are the best way for me to start a conversation with a potential host. The paid work I do with universities and institutions enables me to keep producing this podcast and all my other free resources. Thank you in advance if you decide to issue a recommendation! Now back to our interview.

Similarities Between Buying a Home and Pursuing a PhD

Emily (23:45): By the way, I, I forgot to ask you earlier, but when did you start this process? Like when did you walk by the sign <laugh> and see, you know, $260,000 for a condo?

Hannah (23:54): Uh, what was it, a month before the deadline, which I think was like May 5th. So probably around early April.

Emily (24:01): Okay. So we’re coming up on a year that you’ve been in this process. Wow. Okay. But clearly getting like such a discount. Hopefully it’s, it’s been worth all this all this investment of time. Amazing. Um, were there any surprises that came up in the course in this whole process of, of pursuing this purchase?

Hannah (24:20): Uh, so it’s kind of like pursuing a PhD in my opinion, in the sense that there are gonna be challenges and you have to decide, um, if you’re gonna try to overcome them yourself by talking directly with the mortgage lender, talking directly with the city who represents the seller in this case. Um, or if you’re gonna go and ask for outside help, like from Sam for example. Um, so in my case, um, deciding to look into the lottery preferences, um, I thought that was gonna go nowhere. I just submitted my dad’s birth certificate and then I get a call from the city saying, oh, your dad doesn’t qualify, but because he’s in the neighborhood that generally does qualify, you know, there are other family names that you can run. And so, um, gave them my grandmother’s maiden name, which is how I discovered that my great-grandmother would qualify me. Um, and with a new construction place, there are a lot of government permits that need to go on. Um, that’s been exhausting in the sense that they first pitched that the first move in dates were gonna be fall 2024, uh, and I wasn’t under contract until winter. Um, and I think there’s just so much uncertainty that they don’t wanna pitch certain timelines to you ’cause they know they’re probably gonna let you down. Um, so originally they said that the close of escrow would be, um, mid-March. Um, and then due to LA fires there was, um, a delay with I think the Fannie Mae permit. Uh, so then they said it was gonna be another six weeks. Um, so all this is to say that the move in date is pretty uncertain. It’s difficult to challenge, uh, it’s difficult to balance that with the moving interest rates, even with the 30 day loan lock that they require you to do. Um, and managing that with your current lease because you wanna give your landlord the notice that they require without you being penalized heavily. Um, yeah. ’cause then they could just, if they delay it again, then I’m without housing or I need to find short-term housing.

Emily (26:53): So at this point, do you have a move out date scheduled with UCSF housing?

Hannah (26:59): I decided to take the risk, um, and set my move out date to be a month after, um, April 18th. Um, because if I didn’t schedule a move out date, then I would be charged likely until July 1st. Um, ’cause that’s generally when the, that’s their default contract end date. Um, and so I’ll need to look for a short term sublet if um, the housing doesn’t end up working out, which is yeah a risk that I’m taking.

Emily (27:34): Yeah, like you said, this is, uh, a common thing with new construction, um, that these kinds of timeline issues can come up, but yeah, it sounds like you’re working with the information you have as best as you can. Um, any other surprises you’d like to share?

Hannah (27:49): Insurance is difficult to buy in California. Um, so that was another challenge. I’m thankful that, um, AAA was still taking people, at least with the agent that I had called, ’cause apparently there were some others in my building that AAA was not writing new policies for. Um, and there are very few who are willing to insure in California.

Emily (28:15): So you said earlier that your long-term plan is to live in San Francisco. Um, how long do you think you’ll stay in this particular condo?

Hannah (28:25): I would love to stay 20 years, but it’s a good question. Will, will my life priorities change in 10 to 20 years from now? Maybe. Um, but I am thankful that my neighborhood is being zoned as a biotech hub. And so even if I do wanna leave the university, there should be great, um, job opportunities within walking distance. Um, and for me being in California and close to family, um, and being in a neighborhood that is walkable, um, instead of owning a car, um, or being reliant on a car is important to me. And, um, San Francisco is the only place that, uh, meets all those criteria.

Emily (29:09): That sounds wonderful. And certainly because of your, you know, dual degree program, you’re gonna be at UCSF presumably for, I think you said eight years total, is that right? So like five more years. Um, awesome. And let’s say if there is ever a time that you do decide you want to no longer live in this condo, are you permitted to sell it? Does it have to be to another qualifying resident or are you permitted to let, to rent it out? Like what are your options?

Hannah (29:37): Um, yeah, so that’s one of the limitations. Um, affordable housing is created, uh, so that it can be affordable for you to live there. Um, not so that apparently there was someone who found a loophole, um, that if you could just rent it out at market rate, you can make a profit off of the city program that is being funded by bonds. And so that’s just not right. Um, so they’ve made the rule that generally you can’t rent it out. Um, but there is, there are certain exceptions, um, like if you get a job offer that’s a decent distance away, um, I’m not sure if they have there, there must be a control under what you can set the rent to being so that it’s an affordable rate to someone else. Um, and then when I sell, if I were to sell the place, um, I need to sell it at the 260,000, uh, plus any documented improvements that I have made to the place, um, I don’t think that I make interest unfortunately. Um, and it needs to be to someone who is below 80% of the area meeting income.

Emily (30:53): So this home is not going to appreciate,

Hannah (30:57): Correct.

Emily (30:58): It’ll be sold at the same price plus improvements. Interesting. And do you mind sharing what your mortgage payment is going to be? Especially how that compares to like what you were paying, what you’re paying currently in UCSF housing?

Hannah (31:11): My mortgage payment is gonna be $950. Um, combined with HOA property tax utilities, I am expecting to pay 1800 a month.

Emily (31:23): So somewhat higher than your current rent. But you get to live on your own. Um, and you get that stability. Yeah. So this really seems like the impression I’m getting from our conversation is this, for you is a play to be able to stay in the city in a neighborhood you like in a place that’s, that works for you. Um, and just to have that assurance that you’re an owner and you get to be there long term. Is that right?

Hannah (31:47): Yes. Yes. Uhhuh

Emily (31:49): Very good. Um, and you said when you applied for the podcast that you had kind of a message for other PhD students regarding home ownership. Would you like to express that now?

Hannah (32:00): You know, just like when I was playing soccer, I would say you miss a hundred percent of the goals of you don’t take. Um, so you know, you could shoot a soccer ball to try to be a homeowner, um, and it might be totally off the first time. You might look at a market rate place and say, oh my gosh, the HOA is way too expensive. Um, but you know, you’ve learned something, you’ll shoot the ball better next time. And um, maybe it’ll make it to the goal or maybe it won’t. Um, but, uh, personal finance, um, even outside of home ownership is something that you can take in small steps. Um, and it’s okay that the first steps that you take aren’t gonna get you 90% of the way there. Um, but with endurance, um, uh, you’ll be able to be in a much better position than if you were paralyzed, um, with the idea of starting nowhere.

Emily (33:02): I totally agree. I’m glad that you expanded that beyond home ownership to personal finance in general. ’cause that’s exactly how I feel about it. Like, um, as you said, don’t, don’t be paralyzed. Just start taking the steps that you can take and you’ll be better off for it a year or five years or whatever from now. Um, and especially once your income increases post PhD, um, you’ll have the skills, you’ll have the mindsets, or at least you’ll be in a better spot with respect to the skills and mindsets to be able to manage your money at that time when the stakes are a bit higher. Um, exactly. So yeah, I’m so glad you said that.

Best Financial Advice for Another Early-Career PhD

Emily (33:31): Um, what is your, this is the question I conclude all my interviews with what is your best financial advice for another early career PhD? And it could be something we’ve touched on in the interview already, or it could be something completely new,

Hannah (33:44): Turning unpredictable costs into predictable costs, um, by budgeting a certain amount per month so that you’re able to spend your money in the ways that are valuable to you.

Emily (33:58): Very good, very well put. And you are definitely gonna be putting that to use as a homeowner <laugh>, turning those unpredictable home maintenance and repairs costs into something manageable for your budget. So awesome. Hannah, it’s been lovely to you again and get this story. I’m so excited for you in this new, um, phase of your financial journey and congratulations and thank you so much for coming on the podcast.

Hannah (34:20): Yeah, thank you so much for having me, Emily.

Outro

Emily (34:32): Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! Nothing you hear on this podcast should be taken as financial, tax, or legal advice for any individual. The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by me and show notes creation by Dr. Jill Hoffman.

Financial Emergency Workshop Advance Preparation

April 23, 2025 by Emily Leave a Comment

Thank you for registering for How to Weather a Financial Emergency as an Early-Career PhD! Please complete the action items below prior to the date of the workshop so that you can receive the full benefits of the workshop.

Bring your balance sheet. A balance sheet is a record of all of your current financial assets and liabilities. If you don’t have a balance sheet, please take some time to create one. You can download a template spreadsheet as well as some instructions via this link. Feel free to use a different template if you prefer. If you use budgeting or net worth tracking software and have all your accounts linked, the software probably has all the information, so no need to replicate it elsewhere. You will work with your balance sheet during the workshop.
Review your budget or cash flow with these questions in mind: What is the total of my current monthly expenses? Am I currently saving money for my short- or long-term future, and if so at what rate(s)?

I look forward to speaking with you during the workshop!

Blog

Links mentioned in the Episode

Teaser

Introduction

First Encounters with Postdoc Employee/Non-Employee Differential Benefits

Postdoc Benefits Examples From the Academic Community

Commercial

How Can Postdocs Who Are Classified as Non-employees Gain Some Employee Benefits?

Where Are All Postdocs Classified as Employees?

Conclusion

Outro

Links Mentioned in the Episode

Introduction

What Does It Mean to Live on Time Financially?

1) All your income from one month goes to funding the next month’s spending.

2) Use credit as debit and don’t slide into buy now pay later.

3) Keep up with your tax obligations.

Commercial

Why Attempt to Live on Time

How to Start Living on Time

Outro

Links mentioned in the Episode

Introduction

Disclaimer

What Is Financial Anxiety?

Suggestion #1: Choose Just One Financial Goal to Work on at a Time

Suggestion #2: Take Just One Small Step

Commercial

Suggestion #3: Create a Recurring Appointment with Your Finances

Suggestion #4: Think Through the Worst Case Scenario

Suggestion #5: Talk with Other People about Money

Outro

Links mentioned in the Episode

Teaser

Introduction

Will You Please Introduce Yourself Further?

Considering Home Ownership as Graduate Student in a High Cost of Living Area

Housing Costs and the Home Buying Process in San Francisco

Explaining Graduate Student Income to Mortgage Lenders

Saving for a Down Payment as a Graduate Student

Commercial

Similarities Between Buying a Home and Pursuing a PhD

Best Financial Advice for Another Early-Career PhD

Outro

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