Personal Finance for PhDs

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Financial Habits Every PhD Student Should Live by

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Nick Giangreco is a second year PhD candidate in Systems Biology at Columbia University in New York City.

Graduate school is an enriching and rewarding time in one’s career, especially in the biomedical sciences. As I’m pursuing my PhD in Systems Biology at Columbia University, I get the chance to hone my skills and, using more glamorous terms, reach for becoming a biological data scientist. But as every graduate student knows, though we get paid during this stage in our careers, it pales in comparison to the paychecks of those working as employees in companies.

In this reality, it helps to be mindful of our financial situations and practice good habits. I’d like to share some tips that I follow as a research trainee. These tips have helped me over the past couple of years, so hopefully they will be helpful for you to extend your income while living on a meager stipend.

financial habits PhD student

Watch your income and spending

I’ve made excel spreadsheets and google sheets that detail my monthly income and expenses, as well as trends in spending and savings over time. This has made me more aware of where my money is coming from, where is it going, and managing for expenses in the future. For example, to pay off a large sum of student loans, I budgeted an amount every month and saw a trend of paying “x” amount of money every month to pay it off by a certain date. I became debt free recently because of this consistent payment over a couple years.

Eat in rather than eat out

I tend to spend more buying food at restaurants or fast food chains than if I were to buy food to make meals for the week. An alternative to eating out and spending a lot having a night out with friends is having a dinner party or game night in your home or apartment. I hosted multiple of these with my group of friends-they are a lot of fun-and they typically cost a lot less than buying drinks at bars or having late night snacks at restaurants. Also, a big money saver is taking advantage of the (ubiquitous) free food offered at school events. **Tip: Always have Tupperware on you!

Join groups on social media or email

Schools often have listservs that allow you to sell items or to buy items for cheap. This may save you a lot compared to buying new at a brand-name store! Also, metropolitan cities or areas often have social media groups such as Facebook groups that post on free events in your area or offer a marketplace for selling and buying items for cheap. Instead of buying a new Ikea set at the store, someone might be selling a gently used set for 2 or 3 times less!

Set your priorities

Is it important to you to live in a studio apartment? A nice neighborhood? Close to work? Do you want to travel on the weekends or vacation often? Do you have to see a healthcare specialist? Need a medical or dental procedure? Want to try cross-fit? Foresee other large bills coming up in the future? All these things should factor into your budget. You may be able to live somewhere that’s cheaper and allows you to do more costly events or activities. Or you may value a nicer living situation, but this may mean substituting weekly for monthly or bimonthly trips to see friends and family. Some people can’t stand eating the same thing for lunch everyday and need to buy more variety at the store or eat at restaurants, while others may be fine with eating low cost meals with low variety and can save for larger purchases in the future. Know where you fall on the spending and saving spectrum and see where you can save and need to spend according to your preferred lifestyle and budget.

Save for a rainy day

Setbacks happen unexpectedly all the time. You may need to see a specialist for a health issue, maybe family requires you to do frequent travel, your phone or laptop may break, the car may need repairs, and much more. For the time when you’ll need to make that purchase or pay that bill, have enough cash reserves for that situation and allow yourself to grow it again for the next setback.

Keeping these tips in mind has helped me to realize what are my lifestyle priorities, luxuries, and disposables. Saving during the week on meals allows me to have upwards of 50 to 100 dollars cash for brunch and events on the weekends. Living in a metropolitan city, when I opt for public transportation over a taxi, I can save considerably when practiced over many weeks. If putting in another amazon order is within my planned budget, I don’t feel bad about spending the money. If I need to make large purchases for pilates sessions, travel or lodging for an out-of-town wedding, or just travel to see family, I may dip into my rainy day funds and then set a course to replenish how much I took out. Practicing these and other conscientious financial habits have helped me over the years; hopefully now they will offer you perspective for adjusting and living your preferred lifestyle based on earning a graduate student stipend.

My Realistic Career Earnings Expectations Push Me to Save Aggressively

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This post is by Tiffany, a PhD student at Harvard University.

As an undergraduate, my parents pushed for me to become a pharmacist. They had good reason to: I had good grades and loved biology and chemistry. However, after volunteering in a lab, I decided I wanted to become a scientist. My dad was initially against this decision: he made many “personal finance” arguments against it. He warned me about the long hours and comparatively low pay to other advanced degrees, and shared articles about the current “glut of Ph.D.s”. He was worried I wouldn’t be able to find a stable job. He argued that as a pharmacist, I would have a stable, high paying salary (though this is now disputed as well). My undergraduate adviser gave similar advice, “You will not make much money if you go into science: the job market is also tricky depending on what you want. Take your time to decide what you want to do.” I thought about these arguments throughout undergrad and during my two years as a technician. In the end, I decided to go to graduate school anyways.

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Their arguments have given me a strong motivation to save as much as possible for the future. First, it is uncertain what will happen after I graduate. Most biology PhDs continue on to work as postdocs, but the starting salary for a postdoctoral fellow based on the NIH guidelines is only $42,840/year. I could move into other fields outside of academia; however, unlike academia, there is no clear map on how to get training and experience for these “alternative careers” outside your dissertation work. Second, compounding works better if I start saving earlier. Any money I put into investments now will likely do more for me later on in life. Unfortunately, scientists are at a disadvantage since their earning power does not increase substantially until after graduate school and postdoctoral fellowships. By then, a scientist is likely into their 30s. Unfortunately, many major expenses – such as weddings, cars, homes, and kids – rack up during your 20s and 30s.

Below, I’ve tried to illustrate these points using my brother and me as an example.

My brother graduated is an engineer. He currently makes $58,700/year in Alabama. His after tax take-home pay is $3800/month. He manages to put away ~$1500/month into his investment accounts. I started my PhD in 2012 and get $36,800/year for my stipend in Boston, Massachusetts. My after tax take-home pay is $2300/month. I manage to put away ~$600/month into my investment accounts. Assuming that no major life events happen, we can calculate how much our income, savings, and investment accounts will turn out.

In the below chart, I’ve assumed that:

For the engineer:

  • He will consistently get a 10% raise every 4 years.
  • He will consistently save about $1500*12/$58700 ~ 30% of his salary.
  • All of these savings will compound at 7% annually, using the formula FV = P(1 + r)y, where y = # of years it compounds, P = the amount saved that year, and r = rate (7%), and FV = future value at age 65.

For the tenure track scientist:

  • I am using my graduate stipend as the PhD student’s salary.
  • Savings as a graduate student and postdoc will be roughly $600*12/$37,000 ~ 20% of her salary, which is what I try to save now.
  • Once the scientist reaches assistant/associated/tenure professorship, she will save ~30% of her salary.
  • All of these savings will compound at 7% annually.

Please note that these numbers are based off myself and my brother. They also do not take into account major life events or raises or changes in investment portfolio. Please also note that I am NOT a financial adviser and that you should seek a professional for financial advice. This article is based purely on my personal experience and hypothetical projections.

savings_comparison

Looking at the charts above, you can see that the scientist makes about 1 million dollars less in a lifetime, but by saving aggressively, only saves $350,000 less. Still, the largest difference is in the amount compounded by age 65. The $1500/month that the engineer puts away in the first 4 years of his career can potentially become over $1 million by age 65 if the annual rate of return is 7%. Although the engineer consistently saves 30% of income, the amounts saved later in life do not yield as much. In contrast, the scientist cannot put away $1500/month until she is 32, after she has finished her postdoctoral fellowship. Her salary grows much more slowly than the engineer’s: she cannot afford to put more away until later. This results in this difference: although the engineer and the scientist have only a $350,000 in total savings, they have a $2.4 million dollar difference in what is compounded. It’s this point that makes me want to save as much as possible now!