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grad student

Why and How These Graduate Students Side Hustle

June 19, 2023 by Jill Hoffman 3 Comments

In this episode, Emily presents first-person stories from grad students who side hustle. The volunteers were asked this set of questions: What is your motivation for having a side hustle? What is your side hustle? What are its benefits and detriments? How much do you earn through your side hustle? If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started? You’ll hear from eight volunteers in total throughout this episode, and perhaps be inspired to start or expand your own side hustle.

Links mentioned in the Episode

  • Emily’s E-mail Address
  • Host a PF for PhDs Seminar at Your Institution
  • PF for PhDs S10E18: This Grad Student Purchased a House with a Friend
  • PF for PhDs Subscribe to Mailing List
Grad student side hustles

Teaser

00:00 Anonymous #1: Some places might give you entirely free housing. Some places might be like mine where you get like a 50% off for your housing rate. I find it to be beneficial because that’s money that I get to keep for myself that I can invest in my Roth IRA that can be used for my own spending, that can use for a traveling for leisure, because we know we get started as graduate students. So it’s really important that I take breaks and have that extra money so that I can invest for my future and take those much needed breaks

Introduction

00:33 Emily: Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. This is Season 15, Episode 1, and today we’re featuring first-person stories from grad students who side hustle. The volunteers were asked this set of questions: What is your motivation for having a side hustle? What is your side hustle? What are its benefits and detriments? How much do you earn through your side hustle? If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started? You’ll hear from eight volunteers in total throughout this episode, and perhaps be inspired to start or expand your own side hustle.

01:34 Emily: By the way, there is still time to volunteer for one of the compilation episodes coming up later in the summer, specifically the episode on negotiating your individual grad student stipend and the episode on unions and unionization movements. If you have a story to share on either of those topics from the last few years, please email me at [email protected].

01:59 Emily: I’m beyond excited to announce that I’m offering a brand-new live one-hour seminar titled “How to Not Hate Your Fellowship During Tax Season.” It’s all about how to understand and properly handle your fellowship stipend that will not be reported on a Form W-2, which is what I call awarded income. Awarded income typically doesn’t have income tax withheld from it, which can become an unwelcome surprise and even financial hardship if the recipient is not taught what to do starting with their first paycheck of this type. In addition to teaching about estimated tax and self-withholding, I give pointers for preparing for and navigating tax season with awarded income. This seminar is intended to be taken during orientation or shortly after by people who are switching onto awarded income for the first time, so it will be exclusively available between August and October of this year. If you are starting on awarded income in the fall and your university doesn’t withhold income tax—or you’ve dealt with that scenario in the past—would you please recommend this seminar to your fellowship coordinator, program head, or graduate school? Please cc me [email protected] so I can pick up the conversation. My goal is for every grad student receiving awarded income to be forewarned about this issue before it rears its ugly head during tax season!

03:29 Emily: You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s15e1/. Without further ado, here’s our compilation episode on side hustling.

Shan Kutagulla: Technology Incubator

03:46 Shan K: My name is Shan Kutagulla at the University of Texas at Austin. I’m getting my doctorate here. I have a masters and did my bachelor’s at USC in Southern California. I do materials research for semiconductor and energy. Energy topics.

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

04:08 Shan K: Yeah, my motivation for side hustling, I think like everyone else is to make a little extra cash. But in addition to that, it’s trying to get some skills that I wouldn’t necessarily get in the lab. I think for me as an engineer, I think soft skills are always going to be one of those things that engineers tend to either stereotypically or realistically lack.

What is your side hustle?

04:29 Shan K: So I work for my campus’s technology incubator, so that involves a lot of interviewing people, talking to founders of companies. So that really helps develop a lot of soft skills and then also gives me exposure to the business side of things. So it’s a little kind of rounding out the skill set in addition to making making some cash, which is always, always needed in grad school.

04:54 Shan K: So it’s through the school UT is I think one of a couple of universities has like technology incubator associated with it. So if any, any graduate student or any or founder really has a good idea that they kind of want to commercialize those, take research and spin it out into into the real world. So that the issue with that is a lot of people start applying to those positions or applying to the incubator to have their company incubated and they need someone to kind of bridge that gap between the technical side of things, which is just is this technology legitimate versus the business side of things, which is will this technology survived the competitive landscape.

05:35 Shan K: So this is something through UT that I applied for because I have an interest in going into like technical due diligence in the venture capital industry upon graduation. So it kind of helped you build that skill set. But I got this through just a relentlessly applying. I actually got rejected four times in a row and I got it on my fifth try.

05:53 Shan K: So it’s just an exercise in persistence or knowing someone I don’t really know, but I but either way, it worked out and it’s a really fulfilling position, I would say. And it’s just like a one of a couple of things that I do on the side to get some extra cash.

What are its benefits and detriments?

06:11 Shan K: Yeah, I mean, drawbacks are always going to be like the time, right? Any time, especially in grad school, any time you do a side hustle, it’s time taken away from research, especially if you ask some professors, thankfully not mine.

06:23 Shan K: And then, I mean, benefits always just be like the people you meet. Networking is a huge part of grad school, I would say opens a lot of doors as I would definitely say one of the things people warned me about grad school is that it closes a lot of doors and they can’t do anything else. I don’t necessarily think that’s true. It’s open a lot more doors and I had before and it’s a lot of people I just would not have met without applying to these these side hustle positions like I get to talk to The leader, the technical director of the incubator directly on a weekly basis. I talked to the president at university every now and then a lot of people in industry, academia, I get to help define mission roadmaps. I was invited to do an article on semi analysis. None of that would have been possible without without a side hustle. And so it’s been very, very fulfilling.

07:14 Shan K: But yeah, the cons would just be the time commitment really. So if you can make your own schedule with a side hustle, that’s probably a huge benefit that I didn’t necessarily have. But those are the pros cons that that you’ve got to weigh. So maybe that’s that’s some other advice that I have. Just do something that you really enjoy. Don’t don’t take positions that would just be incredibly bored in. And don’t find any fulfillment in.

How much do you earn through your side hustle?

07:39 Shan: This one actually only pays 15 an hour. I work for a startup too, one of the start-ups that we have right now on pay is much better. It’s like 40 an hour. So yeah, but again, one of those doors that’s open that allowed me to go work at a startup, right.

If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

07:54 Shan K: Every major city has a technology incubator Los Angeles where where I went to undergrad has Los Angeles and Los Angeles Clean Tech incubator, Austin Technology Incubator in Austin Obviously Boston has a bunch. So like if you’re in one of these major cities where they exist, just go Google who the director is of your respective verticals if you’re interested in energy, semiconductor, whatever. Google them, find their email surprisingly easy to stalk online.

08:24 Shan K: Just email them and be like, Hey, I’m a grad student, especially if you’re trying to do technical due diligence, email them and be like, Hey, I’m a grad student. This university interested in technical due diligence because a lot of times those incubators are staffed with like business people who have a lot of business experience, but they don’t really necessarily do technical due diligence, which is a very specific role that only PhDs can really fill. And then that’s why you see it a lot of like hard tech investing firms like Kleiner Perkins, it’s always staffed by PhDs on due diligence. It’s just to avoid if they’re in a situation and there’s there’s not that many people who can do that. So they’d probably be very willing to take your help and don’t be afraid to work for free for like a couple of months, but then you can kind of push on them.

Anonymous #1: Graduate Housing Community Assistant

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

09:10 Anonymous #1: So I am a pre doctoral student at University of Rochester. I’m a second year and my motivation is really based on seeing how much my parents were able to save or their parents are immigrants. And so I’ve seen them working very hard on my life and not getting the most pay. But I also want to make sure that I’m setting myself up for financial freedom in the future so that I can, you know, as lofty as it is nowadays on a home one day as well as save my retirement. And so those are my biggest goals. I want to set myself up for a positive future financially.

What is your side hustle?

10:17 Anonymous #1: So my side hustle is working with my university’s graduate housing department. Through them, I work as community assistant, so I get to not only socialize with people that are also going to my graduate school, but I also get a very good deal on my rent. I get about half off for my rent and it really does help considering how much rent has skyrocketed in the past couple of years.

10:44 Anonymous #1: Like all across the country, especially in New York State, it’s just gone up. It used to be that you could get a studio for under 800 across the board in this area and now that is no longer the norm. You have to be outside of the city. And because I want to live as close campus as possible, I decided to go for this position with graduate housing because I knew for me and my schedule didn’t make my commute easy as possible was in my best interest.

11:17 Anonymous #1: Coming from a major city, I knew commute can be 45 minutes plus on public transit. I was not willing to do that for my Ph.D. because I need to focus on my studies. So what if I to do this? It’s and it’s very relatively easy. I’m doing an A one event per month and a meeting here and there, introducing people to the right to resources that the university has. So for the money I’m getting off of my rent, it is it’s a very sweet gig.

What are its benefits and detriments?

11:43 Anonymous #1: So the main benefit is the financial discount that I get on a rent, I get half off for my rent charges. So that’s the biggest benefit. I also get to socialize more and meet other people in my community. Moving to a new city. I did not know anyone here, so I was able to use this as a way to socialize with other people at my graduate school. I would say that if you do have the opportunity to be a graduate housing assistant, I would highly recommend it. If you’re someone that likes planning events then and interact with people, I’d highly recommend it. It’s not something that I that I find to be very tedious.

12:21 Anonymous #1: Some places might give you entirely free housing. Some places might be like mine where you get like a 50% off for your housing rate. I find to be beneficial because that’s money that I get to keep for myself that I can invest in my Roth IRA that can be used for my own spending, that can use for a traveling for leisure, because we know we get started as graduate students. So it’s really important that I take breaks and have that extra money so that I can invest for my future and take those much needed breaks. Because I’m on a training grant so I can’t like have a job or an hourly wage. So this is like, ah, this is my way of going around that. So I have to abide by the PhD rules, but also I need to live my life.

13:06 Anonymous #1: Some of the drawbacks are just the logistics of hosting an event, having people turn out thinking and brainstorming new ideas that are both interesting to busy PGD and master’s students, but also attainable for me as a as another busy Ph.D. student to test, to schedule and plan for. So those are like the biggest cons that I could think of.

13:35 Anonymous #1: I really do enjoy like event planning, and if I wasn’t interested in STEM, I might have gone down this route because making sure that I check off all my boxes and doing things in a very organized manner is something I really enjoy doing. And yeah, those are the only those are the only drawbacks. I really enjoy this position and it’s not very difficult for me. I am a social person, so meeting people, introducing them to the to the grad housing area is not something I think of as a hardship.

How much do you earn through your side hustle?

14:04 Anonymous #1: For this year, for 2022, 23, I’m getting a rent reduction of $555 every month. I have a one bedroom apartment and the rent reduction is a flat rate for all graduate housing assistance. And so I think they calculated based off of a to a two bedroom apartment. But I have a one bedroom and I get charged $944. So I’m paying less than $400 for my rent every month, which without roommates, no one that I know has that that charge at all. And I only work about 10 hours per month in total, I’d say in terms of planning, brainstorming and hosting events, the events only last 1 to 2 hours, depending on how many people are there. And so I guess the hourly rate that I calculated based off of that is $55 per hour.

If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

15:00 Anonymous #1: So the first thing I would look into is if your university does offer graduate housing, not every university does offer on campus graduate housing. So looking into that first and then once you do find out that your university does offer it next thing I would do is look to see if they have any job openings. Usually those job openings will be posted sometimes throughout the semester, but primarily during the move in and move out periods around the summer and winter time, depending on how university work. If you’re on the quarter system or on like a semester system that could also be dependent on when they post those job openings. But because grad students will graduate in December is often going to be opportunities for people to get these positions. And then once you do find out when they tend to post positions, email the contact person so that one they know you’re aware and two that you’re actually very interested in the position and gives a bit more of a of a of an idea. I think when they’re looking at your application, they’ll recognize that, oh, this person emailed me several, several weeks ago saying that they were interested and they scheduled an informational interview with me to go over the, the requirement for the position that’ll sort of put you in their mind, which is something that I did to me to sort of better ensure that I got the position because I very much wanted it.

16:20 Anonymous #1: And then going through the regular interview process. And if you do have any skills in terms of event planning or a previous housing related occupation or internship or or what have you. That will also better you for being chosen for the position.

Ariana: Pet Sitting

16:20 Ariana: My name is Ariana. I’m a fifth year Ph.D. candidate, the University of Virginia, and I live in Charlottesville, Virginia.

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

16:58 Ariana: So my motivation for side hustling is the obvious one. Money. I’m I was really in need of some supplemental income especially as I my program fifth year the time a lot of applications of preparing for a big move coming up so it was that and also trying to think about what I could be doing as a side hustle for the longer term.

What is your side hustle?

17:21 Ariana: My side hustle is pet sitting. Primarily dogs and cats, but I am open to a range of other animals.

What are its benefits and detriments?

17:28 Ariana: So there are so many benefits, but also some considerations of pet sitting. First is that I love animals and as a person who has a cat not a dog, it’s nice to be around dog energy and just get to meet very sweet animals around my community and honestly see places I haven’t seen before. So I’m walking them around and all that. It’s also a pretty flexible gig. I mean, usually things settle around weekends and on breaks, but as a graduate student, especially in my later years, it’s been nice to be like, okay, I’ll go do a midday walk or something like that. It’s also a job that again, it’s flexible in the nature that if I don’t want to do it for a month, I could not do it and that would be okay. I’m my own boss in that sense, and there are apps that help you to find people and vet them and give you all the support you need.

18:20 Ariana: Drawbacks are definitely that like I’ve been dissertating and even with the flexibility of like it’s been hard sometimes and it can definitely become an unintentional or intentional avoidance strategy to be with pets. It’s also time away from my apartment, my home so a lot of the chores and things that need to get done often have to be delayed because I’m spending weekends with other people’s pets and I kind of like that too. So those are some of the consider.

How much do you earn through your side hustle?

18:54 Ariana: My earnings can really range depending on how committed I am to getting things done. I think it would be possible to get about 25, like if I would just walk, for example, 25 to $50 weekly, it’s only really do 200 a month, but house sitting or pet sitting where I’m staying with them, that can look more like 500 or so dollars a month if I’m doing every single weekend. And that’s another consideration. It’s not the most I’m not flowing in money rather like it is a lot of time. But those like additional benefits, getting to walk outside, having to play with the pets kind of adds to the compensation for me.

If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

19:41 Ariana: If you want to be a pet sitter, it’s actually easier than I knew. So I was recommended by my cousin who is a lab technician. But there are apps like Wag and Rover which have a really streamlined system for getting you involved. I mean, I’d recommend, of course, having some comfort with pets, but you can get reviews or sort of testimonials from family members and friends and other folks who you may be pet for on the regular. I would say that’s where I started. I was doing more just ad hoc pet sitting for other grad school friends and then really expanded into this, I would say to just be thoughtful about what you’re comfortable with. You don’t have to sit at people’s houses, but I feel pretty comfortable doing that because of all these safety measures are in place and people are really folks who want someone to care for their dog, kind of wants you to feel comfortable as well. So I would say those are the quickest ways. So I’m sure they’re, you know, you can advertise your services on a neighborhood group or something like that and get some direct referrals.

20:48 Ariana: I was going to say that’s another drawback of the piece. So doing the apps I would say is a great starting step because you get screened, you build up your reputation, but they can take about, you know, if I charge $17 for a walk, I’ll probably get 13 of those dollars. So I can’t do the percentages really quickly. I’m not a math PhD, but it’s notable. And so when you do that over time, something like that and it’s not nothing. So but what I found, which I appreciated is after like one successful stay, a lot of folks are okay with going off the app, and just paying me directly. And likewise, like I trust them and I’m comfortable just reaching out. I have all the information that I need. So while I think it’s an upfront cost, it doesn’t have to be a continuous cost. Just you’re trying to get a lot of clients.

21:43 Ariana: I wish I’d started earlier, with the side hustle, I mean, it’s really hard when your schedule’s more packed with things, but I think it’s the type of side hustle that is really relationship and community based and can be a good way to get integrated into a place that as a grad student I know I was like in my room or studying in the building. So that was really nice. And I would say that it’s not it’s actually kind of a nice little mini retreat, You know, I can be in someone else’s home or space with WiFi working on things, and that’s been kind of nice too.

H: College Consulting

22:29 Emily: This submission is from H a fifth year humanities PhD candidate on the east coast whose stipend is $40,000 per year.

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

22:37 Emily: Quote, my motivation for side hustling is two-pronged. Part of it is to have the extra income. This allows me to save more. I’ve maxed out my Roth IRA every year since I got the job and I get a 7% match into a 401k with a 3% safe harbor. So I effectively save 17% of my pre-tax side hustle income. This is great because my stipend income isn’t eligible for a 401k and wasn’t eligible for Roth IRA contributions for the first couple of years of my degree before they changed the rules to make stipend income eligible. The savings are reassuring for me because I hate the idea of graduating from my program in my early thirties. Seriously behind on retirement savings, especially as job prospects for humanities, PhDs are pretty precarious and usually poorly paid.

23:23 Emily: I find it psychologically reassuring to have savings for when I finish my program, but it’s not just the savings. The extra income also allows me to have a nicer lifestyle than I would if I were living entirely off of the stipend. I don’t feel like I’m missing out because of my income. I’m admittedly a person who likes certain luxuries, like getting my nails done or having a wine subscription or going on vacation a few times a year that are out of step with a typical PhD lifestyle and need some more cash to fund. I like that I don’t have to bow out to plans with my friends who have higher paid jobs just because I’m in grad school, I can go on trips, go to weddings, go to a nice dinner, et cetera. I know plenty of grad students who enjoy living simply and don’t want missing out on those things, but they’re important to me.

24:08 Emily: The second reason is job security. I’m very conscious of how few decent academic jobs are out there. I have witnessed very talented scholars totally flounder on the job market and then panic when they have to rapidly pivot into a new plan with little or no work experience and a lack of obviously marketable skills. Understandably, this leads to a lot of anxiety and depression. I find it petrifying. I don’t want to be in that situation. I hang onto my job so that if I finish my PhD without anything else lined up, at least I have this. I like the job and would be fine to keep doing it while I figured out some other move post-degree. I think having the jobs gives me some security, both materially and existentially along with my main side job. I also have done other fixed term gigs to develop a more diverse skillset.

24:57 Emily: My goal is to make sure that I have recent work experience on my CV after I graduate and talking points for informational interviews. Besides just my research, I don’t wanna be in the position. I see many people in where it’s like they are graduating off a cliff and they have no idea what comes next or how to prepare.

What is your side hustle?

25:15 Emily: For my main side hustle I work in private college consulting. My company provides advice to students applying to university programs, working with clients around the world with a special focus on US colleges. My role involves mentoring students in their final year of high school as they work on their college essays. It’s almost all remote though. We do team retreats once or twice a year.

What are its benefits and detriments?

25:36 Emily: There are a lot of benefits. It involves two of the main areas. I enjoy working in education and writing. I love the colleagues I work with and I love almost all of my students. It’s a pleasure to get to know them and I learn new things about the world from them. I feel like they grow as people throughout the process of us working together, even when they don’t end up at their dream school. That makes it rewarding to me. It’s a great counterpoint to my independent research work because it’s people focused and the impact feels immediate. Unlike an abstract and long-term dissertation project, when I’m deep down a research rabbit hole on my own in the library, getting on a zoom to talk to a colleague or student is a breath of fresh air. Sometimes I feel that having a second job makes grad students more efficient. Anecdotally, I find that up to a point, the ones who have less time seem to manage it better. The drawback is that it’s highly seasonal work and I’m often having to be on email for several hours a day September through December.

26:34 Emily: It’s tough when it overlaps with the holidays and the fall semester crunch time. This was especially true in my second and third years when I was grading finals and writing my own papers and attending conferences simultaneously alongside my job. The nature of the work means that I just have to respond if students are down to the wire on their deadlines and my academic work has suffered in those moments, but not badly enough that my advisors said anything. I’m still on track to complete the degree in time and have been successful in my program. It’s a bit easier now that I’m ABD and more in charge of my own schedule. I have the freedom to organize my time around the busy season. The benefits to me are money and setting myself up for future careers Outside academia, the drawback is the stress and risk of burnout that can come with being over committed and the risk that spreading yourself too thin means not doing as good a job as you could have on your main gig. Personally, I’m okay with that. My approach works for me and my priorities, but plenty of grad students I know would hate it.

How much do you earn through your side hustle?

27:34 Emily: I earn $45,000 annually on salary for the college consultant gig for which I am technically part-time. This is after several raise negotiations. I’ve been at the company six years now and started on 30 k. I get a Christmas bonus of $1,000, also paid for my laptop in the busiest season. September to December. I work 20 hours a week, and in low season it can be four to 10 hours a week to get started in college consulting.

If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

28:00 Emily: To get started in college consulting I cold emailed a bunch of companies and ended up going with this one, but had offers from others. I’ve heard of someone getting into the same type of role after being reached out to on LinkedIn. My university list serves, sometimes sends out listings for similar roles. I would recommend trying to connect personally with people rather than applying into a black hole, but then applying to a few places. I imagine that experience working with students as a TA or in a writing center would be really helpful, but if you have no relevant experience, try doing it on a volunteer basis first. I know if people getting these jobs after doing pro bono work, finally, it’s a fundamentally credentialist industry. So if you have a degree or two or three from a very competitive school, that will help, end quote

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28:44 Emily: Emily here for a brief interlude. Would you like to learn directly from me on a personal finance topic, such as taxes, goal-setting, investing, frugality, increasing income, or student loans, each tailored specifically for graduate students and postdocs? I offer seminars and workshops on these topics and more in a variety of formats, and I’m now booking for the 2023-2024 academic year. If you would like to bring my content to your institution, would you please recommend me as a speaker or facilitator to your university, graduate school, graduate student association, or postdoc office? My seminars are usually slated as professional development or personal wellness. Ask the potential host to go to PFforPhDs.com/speaking/ or simply email me at [email protected] to start the process. I really appreciate these recommendations, which are the best way for me to start a conversation with a potential host. The paid work I do with universities and institutions enables me to keep producing this podcast and all my other free resources. Thank you in advance if you decide to issue a recommendation! Now back to our interview.

Courtney: Landlord

30:04 Courtney: My name is Courtney and I am a third year Ph.D. student in civil engineering at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon.

What is your side hustle?

30:12 Courtney: My side hustle is renting out rooms in my house.

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

30:16 Courtney: I do this to supplement my research assistant income and pay my mortgage.

What are its benefits and detriments?

03:21 Courtney: It’s a study dependable form of income and helps reducing my house, my housing costs dramatically. Besides occasional banking and paper work is a very passive source of income taking care of a house. It’s hard work, but when you have tenants, things have to be done in a timely and high quality manner with their living conditions in mind. For example, we recently replaced the roof and had to include them in the discussions of what the condition of the house would be during the construction.

How much do you earn through your side hustle?

30:52 Courtney: Since I co-own the house, I also split the rental income. So I make $650 a month and I already pay quarterly estimated taxes for my fellowship anyway, so I calculate this income into that as well. But I also use tax deductions for housing costs by following form 1040 schedule E, which actually lays it out really nicely.

If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

31:17 Courtney: This side hustle requires the purchase of a property which is quite an undertaking. It requires some dedication to understanding rental laws in your state and city. But after that initial setup, having yearly tenants who stick around makes the side hustle low energy input for high rewards. I started this two years ago and I plan to continue the side hustle until I graduate in a few years. At this point I probably spend about 3 hours a month on managing tenants and their needs.

31:48 Courtney: If it feels impossible to buy a house look into co-borrowing or a first time homebuyer financial help in your state or county, and check out Emily’s other podcast on grad students buying houses.

Anonymous #2: Research Assistant

32:07 Emily: This next submission is from an anonymous grad student who is about to start intern year and lives in Texas.

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

32:14 Anonymous #2: What is my motivation? Having a side hustle. I would say as a graduate student, I just needed money. And while I was grateful for the system that I received from grad school, it just wasn’t enough to be able to travel, to visit family, just to have a little extra cushion. And then now that I’m moving out of state for internship without my side hustle, I would not have been able to afford it at all.

What is your side hustle?

32:40 Anonymous #2: I am a research assistant at a hospital.

What are its benefits and detriments?

32:43 Anonymous #2: Some of the drawbacks of position, I would say, is for the spring semester balancing my schedule. There was a lot to do when it came to doing my internship interviews, wrapping up my final semester, in the state that I live in and just trying to balance my schedule, I would say is one of the drawbacks. Benefits of that are just having money, having a cushion. As I mentioned before, I am moving. I’m single. I’m moving from the states I live in to another state and I feel very fortunate that I’m not worried about affording my move. I am not worried about like the cost of a U-Haul or having to borrow money from relatives or like take out a personal loan. I am solely financing my move from the income I receive from my side job.

33:38 Anonymous #2: I would say in terms of how this will like this position will impact or like play a role in my future career. I’m the type of hospital that I work at is type of setting I would like to work in in the future and this population as well. Also, I can probably request letters of recommendation and from my bosses, and I think it gives me a lot of insight into the type of field that I’ll be working in the near term care.

How much do you earn through your side hustle?

34:12 Anonymous #2: So I’ve been at this job since, I guess like orientation was in December and I make about 25. I make $25.83 an hour and 20 hours a week. And so I would say after tax, before taxes, I take home about 2000 a month.

If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

34:34 Anonymous #2: If someone’s looking to pursue this type of position or just a side hustle, indeed this a great source when it comes to looking for research assistant jobs that are flexible that are part time. I also recommend especially if you’re interested in research or just want to get some clinical, reaching out to PIs at different hospitals that might. They don’t always broadcast like that they’re hiring. And so reaching out to them and inquire like, Hey, you know, I’m so-and-so, I’m looking for a job, or I’m interested in any position you might have available. And that’s even better. That’s kind of how it worked out for me, where someone put an email out there for, like you said, Assistant Do you know of anyone? I responded back and I know me and I’m looking for a job.

35:28 Anonymous #2: I would say finding that balance in your schedule is really important. I and also having some flexibility. So during the semester I was working like in the middle of the week and now the semester has ended I requested a shift in the schedule so I could work the first Monday through Wednesday, which is helpful for me so that I can get other things done before the end of the week. But also I think just there was some delay. I work for the government and so there’s some delay when it came to my application process and not on my end, but just governments and and I, I very much communicated with my prospective supervisor and let them know like, hey, I filled all the paperwork. I’m just waiting to hear back. It took six months to actually get hired to start the orientation, to start the onboarding process, even though I was hired back in the summer of 2022. But I think for me, patience was a virtue and really just showing up and being present at work. And I’m confident that in the near future when I’m applying for postdoc positions, if I request a letter of recommendation from any of my supervisors here, they will happily write it.

36:43 Anonymous #2: Now that I am no longer contracted at my university as a grad student. The month of June is my last month. I’ll be working here. I’m just working here and I am so fortunate. Like I know I’m not like another. You know, I have peers that are either married or they’re receiving like, Oh, they have a partner or they’re receiving support from their family and like, I don’t know. So financially like, I take care of myself. So and I know for a fact that I would not be able to move 1500 miles from where I am now. Had it not been for this job, because the money I received, the the grad student through my stipend was great. It covered all of my bills and like maybe an extra $100 or two. But over the course of six months it would not have been enough to pay for UHaul to pay for moving boxes and also to and in my case, you know, oftentimes we apply for housing. They want someone who on paper earns three times the rent. And so if I did not have this job, I would have likely had to reach out to a relative to cosign my lease, which is fine. But, you know, it’s a hassle having to ask someone to do that again and again, especially if they’ve been like, So supposedly they’ve done it. You know, for me throughout grad school, it’s nice to kind of feel a little more independent.

DreVon Dobson: Professional Musician

38:08 Emily: This submission is from DreVon Dobson. Quote. I’ve recently graduated with a PhD in pathology from UNC Chapel Hill, studying the genetic regulation of blood coagulation factors. I’m about to start a postdoc position soon in environmental toxicology, studying the effects of ozone exposure on health and disease outcomes.

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

38:29 Emily: Having a side hustle has been a great way to give my mind a break from my lab work, as well as supplement my income as a graduate student, which was livable but not great.

What is your side hustle?

38:39 Emily: My side hustle is performing as a professional musician. I minored in jazz studies on the saxophone and undergrad and I’ve kept my passion for music alive as a side hustle. I play at churches, country clubs, weddings, et cetera, with a few different bands usually on the weekends.

What are its benefits and detriments?

38:56 Emily: The benefits of this are that it provides a constructive and profitable outlet for my passion and it’s fun. The detriments are that there’s a considerable amount of preparation involved in order to play the gigs well, practicing learning, music, purchasing and maintaining equipment, et cetera. Also, the gigs can consume a good amount of my weekend depending on how far and how long they are detracting from my ability to rest for the upcoming work week. But you can also say yes or no to opportunities to fill your needs and schedule.

How much do you earn through your side hustle?

39:26 Emily: I have worked my way up to earning about $20,000 a year from my side hustle. This is definitely on the higher end for a part-time musician and I had to work my way up to that over the years. This is generated by about two to three gigs a weekend averaging out at around $200 a gig.

If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

39:46 Emily: Pursuing this side hustle is totally obtainable. If you are musically inclined, you can start by visiting local jam sessions in your area to figure out who might be in need of your musical talents. There are also online avenues to pursue in local Facebook groups and ads and websites like Reverb Nation Beyond Music. If you have a passion for the arts, there’s most likely a way to monetize it. You can sell art, join a dance troop, audition for a theater production, et cetera. I have found artistic passions and scientific studies to be a great combination of financial gain and life balance. I would encourage anyone who is interested to give it a shot. You never know.

Dan Gorman: Chaperone, Podcast Recording, Writing Lesson Plans

40:31 Dan G: My name is Dan Gorman. I am finishing my PhD in US History this summer at the University of Rochester, and I also live in Rochester, New York.

What is your motivation for having a side hustle?

40:41 Dan G: My motivation for side hustling is solvency. Uh, while we had pretty good PhD stipends at my university, it’s still, you’re living in sort of comfortable poverty as a PhD student, I find, and for some people it’s less comfortable. I stay comfortable in my case because I don’t have any dependents. Um, it’s just me in my household, but there’s always wanting to have more than just a little bit of extra money in the bank account, wanting to have something of a cushion. Um, especially as we got towards covid, I was glad to, I had done some side hustling and saved up some extra money. Sometimes the, when I say solvency, I mean, yes, paying the bills also, it’s good once in a while to actually do something fun with your assets, but also I, I think mainly my main reason for wanting to save up money was in case of an emergency. You know, if somebody got sick and I needed to go visit them or, um, you know, during covid when we just didn’t know what else was gonna happen next.

What is your side hustle? How much do you earn through your side hustle?

41:33 Dan G: My side hustle isn’t really one thing. What I recommend to other people is sign up for as many internal newsletters at your university as possible and re and actually read them. Um, I found a number of paying side opportunities within the university just by being on the newsletter feeds for different offices. Um, for example, okay, so the Office of Undergraduate Research a couple years ago they were sending a delegation of students to the National Conference on undergraduate research. And an opportunity came up that they would wanna send a couple staff or grad students as chaperones. Um, it was a pretty easy job. I had to go to Oklahoma City for four days, but they covered all my expenses and there was a small honorarium. It wasn’t a ton of extra money, but it was there and it was an experience that I could say, Hey, this counts as teaching and advising and mentorship.

42:22 Dan G: Another example is that I had joined a professional group for graduate students through our music conservatory, but they’d opened it up to graduate students in other divisions. It was called working PhDs. So they were doing professional readings and interviewing people about how they transitioned into alternative academic jobs. And as part of that, they launched a podcast called Working PhDs. And so by recording interviews for that, I was paid I think $75 per episode and I did three episodes. So then that was, it was over $200 extra. Um, so we’re, I’m not talking about huge amounts of money here, but finding bite-sized projects like these internally, um, if you do enough of them, they do start to add up to some extra cash.

43:04 Dan G: And again, $200 may not sound like a lot, but that could cover, you know, depending where you live, that could be internet, your insurance bill and something else for the month. So it’s not, it’s not nothing. Um, looking beyond the university, I think sometimes it comes down to professional networks and signing up. So again, it’s, I don’t have a very original method, but it’s signing up for the listservs for your professional organizations. Um, an opportunity came up a couple of years ago actually during the pandemic that, during that first pandemic year where some friends of mine were working on a digital library project, um, at Northern Illinois University, which is, you know, 800 miles away from me. But they said there they needed people to write sort of lesson plans for their, for their website. It was pairing archival old books that were scanned with how you could teach it in the classroom. And then you, we would present it digitally and that came with a $600 honorarium.

What are its benefits and detriments? If someone listening wants to pursue this side hustle, how would you recommend they get started?

44:01 Dan G: Um, and again, I don’t have a magic method for finding more of these except, you know, in my case, in my field, in the humanities, get on h net, humanities net, um, sign up for the main feeds which post every day, 10 to 20 calls for papers, podcasters. Sometimes you’ll see independent editing projects and, you know, it can be a little tedious cuz then, you know, you’re, you’re deliberately spamming your inbox both from internal sources and then from external professional organizations. But there are opportunities out there. It’s not a lot of money. Again, these are small, usually project based. The $600 for the, uh, the lesson plan was that’s at the high end of what I’ve gotten, but smaller bite-sized projects that you can fit in without massively impeding your own studies. Or if you have a more prominent work study job that you know you’re doing 10 to 20 hours a week. Um, I think writing that lesson plan and presenting it, I think it took maybe six hours total over the course of a couple weeks. Um, because the book was a dime novel. It was quite thin. Um, so your mileage may vary.

45:07 Dan G: Other challenges, I think also, again, that oftentimes these bite-sized academic projects, whether they’re at your school or somewhere else, they tend not to pay a lot. Um, you know, we’re talking one to $200 US users really. But the flip side is that if it’s a bite-sized project like that, you can do it quickly and it doesn’t really impede on your main work responsibilities at your university. And that was, that was the big thing for me. So wanting to find ways I could use my skillset, um, make some extra money, but also where it wouldn’t become such a massive time sink that people at the university, my supervisors would be saying, Hey, you’re not focused on your main work. Ultimately, I would say that the kinds of projects I’ve described are not ways to make a lot of money, although there are exceptions. Like if you become a writing tutor, you will make a good hourly rate doing that. However, they can give you unique experiences and give you some more in business parlance transferable skills and deliverable outcomes that you can say you have produced when you’re going on the job market.

Outtro

46:14 Emily: Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by Dr. Lourdes Bobbio and show notes creation by Dr. Jill Hoffman.

This PhD Student Budgets Manually and Dynamically

May 29, 2023 by Meryem Ok Leave a Comment

In this episode, Emily interviews Ariel Floro, a second-year PhD student at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in northern California. Ariel details her budget, from the mechanics of her system to the emotional benefits she experiences. Ariel started budgeting after finishing her bachelor’s while she worked as a research associate, and she was able to adapt that system to still work for her with a lower income in a higher cost of living area. Ariel explains why she believes budgeting is an essential activity for every graduate student.

Links Mentioned in the Episode

  • Emily’s E-mail Address
  • PF for PhDs S14E11 Show Notes
  • Budgeting Apps
    • Mint
    • EveryDollar
  • PF for PhDs Season 15 Contribution Sign-Up
  • PF for PhDs Subscribe to Mailing List (Access Advice Document)
  • PF for PhDs Podcast Hub (Show Notes)
Image for PF for PhDs S14E11: This PhD Student Budgets Manually and Dynamically

Teaser

00:00:00:00 Ariel: It just gives more control and power overall and not being so, not feeling like we’re like completely powerless to, you know, grad students just make this and that’s just how it is. And I’m poor and I can’t really do anything. And I know it is really hard to live on the income that we have now, but it gives us some control back and some power so that we can really set ourselves up well financially in the future.

Introduction

00:00:27:20 Emily: Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. This is Season 14, Episode 11, and today my guest is Ariel Floro, a second-year PhD student at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging in northern California. Ariel details her budget, from the mechanics of her system to the emotional benefits she experiences. Ariel started budgeting after finishing her bachelor’s while she worked as a research associate, and she was able to adapt that system to still work for her with a lower income in a higher cost of living area. Ariel concludes by explaining why she believes budgeting is an essential activity for every graduate student.

00:01:29:22 Emily: If you’ve been getting value from this podcast, would you please do me a favor? This is a perfect time of year to recommend me and my work to a potential host or sponsor at your university or alma mater. In case you didn’t know, I offer numerous personal finance seminars and workshops on topics like financial goals, investing, budgeting, and debt repayment, all tailored for graduate students, postdocs, and/or prospective graduate students. These are in addition to my tax workshops. If you think that you and your peers would benefit from my teaching in the upcoming academic year, please recommend me to your graduate school, graduate student association, or postdoc office. My seminars are usually slated as professional development or personal wellness. These recommendations help me get my foot in the door with new clients or remind past clients of the need for this material. If you choose to recommend me over email, please cc me, [email protected], so that I can pick up the conversation. I really rely on these types of recommendations and appreciate them so much. The paid work I do with universities and institutions enables me to keep producing this podcast and all my other free resources. Thank you in advance if you decide to issue a recommendation! You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s14e11/. Without further ado, here’s my interview with Ariel Floro.

Will You Please Introduce Yourself Further?

00:03:04:12 Emily: I am delighted to have joining me on the podcast today Ariel Floro. She is going to speak with us about her budgeting journey during graduate school and prior and all the things that she’s learned and how much budgeting has benefited her. So, Ariel, I’m really pleased to have you on the podcast today. Would you please introduce yourself a little bit further for the audience?

00:03:21:09 Ariel: Yeah, thank you so much for having me here. So, as you mentioned, my name is Ariel. I’m currently a second-year PhD student at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, which is in NorCal up in Novato in the Bay Area. And it is a joint program with the University of Southern California.

00:03:41:07 Emily: Alright. I can already see that it’s going to be a very interesting conversation because obviously, budgeting is especially challenging in a high-cost-of-living area. So, actually, let’s get some groundwork out of the way first. Do you mind sharing how much your stipend is?

00:03:56:24 Ariel: Yeah, our stipend is $38K per year, which actually just recently got moved up.

00:04:01:21 Emily: Okay, nice. So, we’ll be talking a little bit about, I guess, last year. What was it like prior to being bumped up?

00:04:07:15 Ariel: It was $34K last year.

Budgeting: Peace of Mind

00:04:09:01 Emily: Okay. So, 34 up to 38, sounds decent, but again, very high cost of living area. So, I’m really curious about your strategies here. So high level first, what benefits have you enjoyed in your life thanks to your budgeting practice?

00:04:25:19 Ariel: The first thing that comes to mind and I think is really the key one, is just peace of mind amongst many different fields. So, the main thing knowing that because it’s such a low income, knowing that I’m not spending more than I actually have, because that just like really terrifies me. And along with that, just giving myself the freedom to enjoy time with friends, like going out to eat or do other fun things.

00:04:49:00 Ariel: And so that I know that if I budgeted a certain amount of money for that, then I have the freedom to really just not stress out about it and enjoy it and not like freak out or like, “Oh, I shouldn’t be doing that,” or feel guilty in any way. That’s the main one. I would say the second one is just planning for saving more or like financial goals, and just know that even though again, because it’s kind of like a low income at this moment, I’m still setting myself up well for later, even if it’s just investing a little bit of money or saving a bit of money, like any bit helps and kind of helps to build that habit.

00:05:22:07 Emily: So, it sounds like in your case, a lot of times people have this like kind of avoidant behavior with their finances, like it stresses them out, so they don’t want to look at it. But it sounds like you’re like me, which is that it was it was stressful not to know. And so, it’s easier to look and make the plan and execute the plan as best you can. Is that right?

00:05:41:12 Ariel: Yeah, definitely.

00:05:42:19 Emily: So, how did you get started with budgeting? Did this start in graduate school or were you budgeting in at any point prior to that?

00:05:49:22 Ariel: Yeah, the minute I graduated from undergrad, I worked as a research associate for two years and between, and once I knew that I was having a steady income, I knew I had to budget the first dollar that came into my bank account. And so, I have kind of been planning, you know, since that time and really built up the more efficient process that I have on budgeting now.

00:06:12:23 Ariel: I also saw it as once I knew I was going to go to graduate school while I was working as an RA, I took even more power over my budget at that time and said, okay, I’m making more as an RA right now than I would be as a graduate student. So, I’m going to make sure I know the ins and outs of my entire budget so that when I do move to that lower income, I know where I can cut costs where I want to, you know, what I can sacrifice and this and that.

Gap Years Working as an RA

00:06:40:16 Emily: Give us a few more details about that time you spent as an RA. Like, where were you? You said you’re making more, but how much more?

00:06:48:16 Ariel: Yeah, I was at UCLA working as an RA, and I think starting I made about $40K and then it jumped up to maybe a little over 45. But at the end I was making a good amount. Yeah, so that was all in L.A. and I was just planning out. Rent there is still more expensive. But you know, there are a lot of areas around L.A. that you can find cheaper places. And so, I had a roommate, we lived in a two-bedroom, two-bathroom place, which is a really good spot.

00:07:19:13 Emily: Okay. So, it sounds like your experience going from being an RA to a graduate student, your income is going down a bit. Your cost of living is probably jumping up a bit, but not huge shifts in either of those directions. So probably a lot of what you learned as an RA, that is to say with your budgeting as an RA, was able to apply. Do you want to tell us any more details about you know, you said you kind of took more control of your tightening up and then how you did that transition into graduate school with your budget?

00:07:46:24 Ariel: Yeah, I think I was definitely the main thing is I like to go out to eat a lot with friends and I’m sure a lot of people do. So, I realized that that was probably the first thing I was going to cut down was just eating out and food and being more intentional about cooking meals and like looking at prices and not just like, “What am I going to cook today?” and then just buying things off of the shelves. The other interesting thing about my program is that because we’re at the Buck Institute and USC, we actually spend our first semester at the Buck Institute, and then we have to move to USC for the second semester. This is all within the first year. And so that was another cost that my cohort and I had to think about is moving here and there and then having to do short term leases. So, I would say also the way that I budgeted this past year is different than now because I had to keep in mind just having money to move and my rent actually was even higher because it was a short-term lease.

00:08:42:10 Emily: Yeah, that’s a big financial challenge to throw at a first-year graduate student of living in two different places. And then I understand, so it was like you were living in the L.A. area, then you moved up to Northern California, then you moved back to the L.A. area. Now you’re back in Northern California. Okay. So, at least you had some familiarity with those areas.

Mechanics of Budgeting

00:09:01:04 Emily: Let’s talk more about kind of like the mechanics of how you budget. Like, do you use software? Do you use your own spreadsheets? How often are you looking at or touching the budget?

00:09:11:12 Ariel: Right now, I use an app on my phone, and I know there’s some there’s one called Mint that I’ve tried to use and it doesn’t really work that well for me. I actually use an app called EveryDollar, and I’ve used that since the beginning where they have every line item, you know rent and food for groceries, you can even add certain funds in there maybe if you’re saving up for something. And so normally, like in the beginning, I kind of took a couple of months to figure out what I was spending each month on certain things and realizing I probably spent more on eating out than I thought I did and other things like that. And so, then I kind of started to regulate and now it’s a lot faster where I just kind of copy last month’s budget and I go through and make minor changes. If I maybe have a friend’s birthday or something that I have to buy a gift.

00:09:59:18 Ariel: And the other thing that I really like about the app on my phone is that some of them can connect directly to your bank accounts or your transactions can go directly into them. But the app that I use, I actually don’t have that software for that just because it’s an extra fee for it. But I do have my bank account app on my phone, and anytime I use my debit card that’ll show up as a transaction, as a notification in my phone. And so, I kind of see those notifications build up as like a to-do list to enter into my budget later. So, I end up probably looking at it at least I once every couple of days, maybe once a day even.

00:10:36:24 Emily: Okay, so two things I want to follow up in there. So, one, budgeting, I mean, we’ve been using term budgeting, but I really think of budgeting as two different actions. So, one is budgeting, which is telling your money what to do in the future and the other is tracking, which is making sure that your money did what you told it to do. And that’s like the accountability portion of it. So, you just mentioned both of those, right? So, on the budgeting front, you are creating a unique budget for every single month. It’s based on, you know, roughly templated from what you did last month. But you’re making those individual tweaks for what’s going on in this current month, is that right?

00:11:10:03 Ariel: Yes.

Manual Tracking of Spending

00:11:10:24 Emily: And then the tracking component of it, like you, I’m a little bit familiar with every dollar, so you can pay a fee to have your transactions automatically down a little, but you choose not to. You are manually tracking. And what I love about that is, of course, it does take some time and it takes, again, accountability with yourself to stay on top of it, like you just mentioned, your system of notifications, but it keeps you very, very intimate with your numbers. There’s no like escaping, facing up what you did with your money as long as you are keeping up with the tracking. So, I think that works really, it’s not for everybody, but I think that works really, really well for some people. Can you maybe give us an example of how the manual tracking specifically has helped you? Like in behavior change, for example?

00:11:54:24 Ariel: Yeah, I mean, even just if I stop at a Starbucks or something and get a coffee and then I have to put that into my budget. And since the interface is very easy to look at, sometimes I just kind of end up scrolling through the rest and, you know, I might say, “Oh, okay, I actually only have like $40 left for eating out and it’s only like halfway through the month or something like that.” Then I can kind of keep track and keep an eye out and like, how far into the month I am and versus how much I’ve earmarked for all of the things that I budgeted for.

00:12:29:00 Emily: So, you mentioned that you started with this budgeting practice the minute you graduated from college and had this regular, you know, salary coming in. What was it that inspired you to start budgeting at that point, and maybe why not earlier?

00:12:44:21 Ariel: Yeah, I think my dad was a big influence and wanted to set me up well financially, where even going back to like the 2008 recession, I remember when our house had to go on a short sale. I mean, it was I just always style. My dad really stressed with money and so he was always, especially after that point and kind of getting a hold of his finances, he was always very intentional, telling me, like, I want you to do this. I want you to you know, when you have a steady income, you should start budgeting and kind of encouraging me to do a lot of that. And it made a lot of sense to me. So, I do attribute my dad to helping me a lot in that way.

00:13:19:03 Ariel: Before then, I didn’t really budget that hard because in undergrad I would get some income here and there. Maybe if I was teaching a private lesson for like a hobby or other things like that and I was just so used to saving anyway, it was I would just dump them into my savings. And then if I wanted to go out to eat, and I didn’t go out that often, right? Because college is just so busy, I kind of just knew, I just kept tabs on how much I had in my savings. So, it felt a lot easier once I was getting a steady income. I could say I’m making X amount of dollars per month and I’m going to designate each dollar in that to a certain point. So, I know exactly where my money’s going each month. And I felt like it gave me a lot more control over my finances and again, gave me the peace of mind to know that I’m doing okay.

Looking Ahead

00:14:06:18 Emily: Yeah, that makes sense. Do you think there’s ever a time in the future when you wouldn’t budget or would change the mechanics of how you budget?

00:14:15:24 Ariel: I do see a possibility where, if your income goes up significantly and the way you live your lifestyle stays about the same, you might have that flexibility where, you know, no matter how much you know, if you’re spending and living your normal lifestyle in your normal ways, that you’re always going to have enough in savings. I think that might be a way like a situation where you wouldn’t have to budget. But then I would still think that with the extra money there, you know, there’s a lot of potential other than just dumping it into savings. You know, you can put that into investing. You’d be giving it away to charity. So, I don’t know, I would say maybe rarely at this point, but I wouldn’t know for sure.

00:14:56:19 Emily: Yeah. You’re actually describing kind of the point that I am with my like budget right now, which is the way that I budgeted when I was in graduate school and for a few years afterwards is not necessarily serving me now with a higher income, but also different kinds of goals than I had before. So, it’s like, how do I have the income that I have, meet the goals that I want to meet, not overspend, but also feel more like relaxed about how much to spend and how to balance all that together. And we’re recording this in December 2022. So, like, I’m literally thinking about this of like for the new year, like how do I adjust my budgeting system so it works more with the current realities that I’m living in rather than, you know, kind of a holdover from what I was doing before? So anyway, just a little food for my thoughts there.

Commercial

00:15:42:01 Emily: Emily here for a brief interlude. We’re doing something special for season 15 of this podcast, and as a loyal listener, I know you’re going to want to be involved. Season 15 will be a chance to share your financial experiences, even if you don’t want to give a full episode interview or want to remain anonymous. We’re going to publish compilation episodes around certain themes, and each episode will feature at least a half dozen different contributors.

00:16:12:05 Emily: If you are interested in contributing, check out PFforPhDs.com/season15/. That’s the digits 1 5. On that page, you’ll find a list of the proposed themes and how many volunteers I’ve identified for each episode. Your next step is to email me at [email protected] to let me know which episode you’d like to contribute to or if you have another idea for the list. Once I’m confident that we have enough contributions for an episode to be created, I’ll give the volunteers specific prompts and directions to create their submissions. I hope you will choose to participate in this unique season! I can’t do it without you, so please get in touch! Now back to the interview.

Expected, Irregular Expenses

00:17:06:24 Emily: So, let’s get back to some more like kind of mechanics of budgeting. So, I wanted to know how you handle large irregular expenses. So, by that I mean maybe something that costs maybe a couple hundred, few hundred dollars that comes up very occasionally. And I’m always curious about this because I know irregular expenses are a really tough challenge for graduate students or anyone living on a tight income. So, how do you handle those? I mean, I know you already mentioned adjusting your budget, but let’s say for a really large one, how would you do that?

00:17:33:10 Ariel: Yeah, I think the main, so one of the points that came to mind is that you know, there’s large irregular expenses that might be unexpected and there’s those that are expected. And so, under the expected category would be things like I have a car, so car maintenance is something that’s, you know, large and irregular. I think since I’ve started budgeting, I have that as a fund where I put some money into a fund designated specifically as car maintenance. And then whenever that comes up, I know I have that fund. And I realized probably about this year that I’d put a lot more money in it that I may have needed to. And so that actually gave me a little bit of leeway for other irregular expenses, maybe like, like the current thing right now that I know is coming up is that I might want to buy a pair of skis which can be like a couple of hundred dollars or more.

00:18:20:21 Ariel: And so, if it’s something like that, then I can spend the past few months prior saying, okay, I’m going to put X amount into this fund. And then of course that might have to come out of some other aspect of my budget and just, you know, it’s only just for those three months and then I’ll have the amount needed for the item and then I can purchase that. And then other times maybe if I just, at the end of the month, I will go through my budget. And because some of the times what you actually planned isn’t going to be exactly what I end up planning, or what I end up actually spending. So, I might find that, oh, I didn’t spend as much on gas as I had expected to. I can put the excess there and to just general savings and I’m sure something might come up. But I do like having a good amount, like maybe like a little bit more in liquid savings in cash I have on hand just because I know things can come up here and there.

00:19:12:20 Emily: So, when you say, you know, moving money into general savings or moving in to a certain fund, is this like different bank accounts or is this maybe within your budgeting app, you’re like allocating things differently?

00:19:23:03 Ariel: This is within the budgeting app, so it’s all within my bank account. But just in terms of my like where I’m mentally earmarking them, that’s how that goes. And I also do have some investment accounts. And so, then if I know I want to put more into investing than I actually have to like deposit that into that account.

00:19:43:07 Emily: Okay. But you are operating for all of your cash out of a single account. A single checking account.

00:19:48:13 Ariel: Yes.

Money Mindset of a Saver

00:19:49:18 Emily: What stops you, psychologically, from spending how you didn’t allocate? That was always my temptation and the reason that I don’t use a single account for everything is that I would really be tempted to move things around.

00:20:04:04 Ariel: I think I also have just been a saver since I was little. If I would get like $20 for Christmas, I was like, “Oh, I’m going to save this all so when I get older, I’m going to have a lot of money and be financially stable.” I have with my bank, I have like a checking and savings, and technically my savings I have what my emergency fund and the checking I have right now, it’s just the remainder of my cash. But I think just because I am naturally such a saver, I do kind of get like a, I guess I don’t know if it’s a reward or reward thing when I see a bigger number in my account, but it just makes me feel safer. So, I put more towards savings and not just spending it.

00:20:44:11 Emily: And you also mentioned a moment ago about like if you come in sort of under budget in some categories, you said gas specifically. So, for your variable expense categories like gas, are you usually coming in under budget? Like have you set a generous enough budget that that’s a typical thing that you spend less? Or if not, what do you do in situations where you have overspent the budget?

00:21:06:01 Ariel: Most of the time, I put in roughly about the amount like, I’ve tightened my budget now to where I spend the amount that I plan to. There might be some instances where if I’m expecting to spend say $200, if I maybe carpool with friends to an event that we’re going to and they’re nice enough to not or they don’t ask for gas money or I tend to drive back home because I’m from L.A., so I tend to drive home a lot. And so, I know I’m going to be spending more on gas in those times. And again, that’s just a thing that if I know I’m driving to L.A., then I’ll add it in more money into the gas budget the beginning of that month. But most of the time, I think they stay pretty closely. I mean, if I come under budget on some categories together, that might come up to maybe 100 bucks, but that’s still like 100 bucks more I can put in the savings versus not really planning for that before.

00:22:05:22 Emily: So, it sounds like you’re keeping like you have a dynamic budget, from month to month you do. In the course of the month, do you also update what you budgeted for that current month?

00:22:15:21 Ariel: Yeah, I think there’s times where that could happen. I think that like one of the examples is maybe if I know I want to go out with friends and do another thing or if there’s a concert or something, and then I’m like, “Oh, I really want to go to this concert,” I would take out from my eating out budget to spend more on going out to a concert, for example like that. So, it is very, very dynamic and I think that’s super easy to do being a single person and just having me on the app. So, I really, again, I really appreciate the mobility of having the app on my phone and just deciding wherever and whatever I want. As long as it’s within the monthly income, I still know that I’m still planning where everything is going.

Unexpected, Irregular Expenses

00:22:57:21 Emily: Gotcha. And when I was starting to ask you about irregular expenses, you mentioned four expected irregular expenses. That’s a system that I called targeted savings. What about for unexpected irregular expenses? Are there any unexpected irregular expenses in your life, or do you expect everything?

00:23:14:05 Ariel: I think maybe some unexpected might be medical or something. And I know I always have an emergency fund on hand for that. I just again, I’m such a saver and I’m kind of in a transition period right now because I moved. And so, I do have a heftier amount of cash in my checking than I probably normally would. But for unexpected ones, I could always dip into the emergency fund and take that out. If it was like an E.R. visit, for example, but then the next month would have to be really hunkering down and replenishing the emergency fund back up to what it was before. Then I can go back and do fun things and all that.

00:23:54:01 Emily: Yeah, I think that system makes a lot of sense. And like the way that I sort of define an emergency is an unexpected but necessary expense. It can’t be discretionary, and you should try to anticipate everything that you reasonably can. Yes. If you get into like some sort of major accident or unforeseen illness, of course those things can happen. You may not have prepared for that. I mean, that’s why we have insurance for, right? So like insurance then accessing your emergency fund, that really makes sense. But yeah, under sort of my like system, you would you would anticipate everything like you would really spend some time brainstorming like the things that could happen and setting up either targeted savings or like you, just a general dynamic, flexible budget that will help you meet those expenses when they do come up. And then if something is truly necessary and truly unexpected, hey, that’s what your emergency fund is there for. And like you said multiple times so far, like it gives you peace of mind to have this money in your savings, in your checking, to know that you know you’re spending within your budget and so forth, living within your means.

Regular Expenses: Housing, Transportation, and Food

00:24:54:00 Emily: Zooming out a little bit more like high-level speaking about your budget, how did you set your large regular expenses like housing, transportation, food? How did you set those up so that you are able to live within the stipend provided?

00:25:11:13 Ariel: Yeah, I think even from, so again, going back to once I graduated and started as an RA, even those months prior, it was my dad and I kind of just he was helping me form what a budget is. And so, we were saying, well, you know what would rent be? I’m going to estimate this and maybe get an idea of if it was me going into an RA position, I would get an idea of what RA’s normally make and the rent that was in the area or some of the areas that I wanted to live in and just kind of do like a mock budge then and get an idea. And so, once I had had that, it was actually pretty similar because I set a rent estimate that ended up being pretty much exactly to what I ended up spending for that. And so, that was pretty easy to transition into. And now coming into this program, like the first short-term lease that I had to take for moving up here, I just did the same thing. I kind of mock budgeted on my app and I put in, “Okay, I’m probably going to spend this amount on rent. How is that going to look? Where am going to have to cut? Can I even afford this?” And it really was just kind of trial and error through the app and me taking time and sitting down and manually doing it.

00:26:22:03 Ariel: Because I know that a lot of the general advice for how much you should be spending on rent based on your income is always like, I feel like doesn’t really apply to PhD students because you spend way more. But I was just making the mock budget and when I had moved back to L.A. for that short-term lease, it was also kind of tricky because then instead of renting a place, I did like an Airbnb, and that meant that utilities and everything were included. Plus, it was for a four-month period of time versus sometimes you have to be locked into like a six-month lease. And so, with that one, I kind of had to budget long-term, but it was still amongst the same principles of just trial and error, trying it and seeing if I could do it, where would I have to cut? Is this okay? And this and that.

00:27:08:14 Emily: Let’s put aside the short-term leases because that’s obviously, it’s a big challenge, but it’s a little bit like unique to your situation. Let’s take the example of when you moved back to start, what I presume is you’re now on a year-long lease, right? Currently?

00:27:21:13 Ariel: Right now, my situation’s a little interesting. I came back. I’m actually living with my boyfriend’s parents because of some personal things with him moving back. And so, we had just signed a lease. We’re signing on to a one-year lease now. So, now I’ll be on a 1-year lease.

00:27:38:22 Emily: Okay, so in this process that you’re currently in of figuring out your housing expense for the upcoming year, locked in for a year, how are you like researching the market? I mean, obviously, you’ve lived here prior as well, so like that gives you some insight, but how are you figuring out like what’s reasonable, what is attainable for you to spend on rent in this area so that you can build as your budgeting model?

00:28:00:20 Ariel: I think just getting an idea of if you go on any of the apartment’s websites and saying what the average, you know, one or two-bedroom or three-bedroom places depending on roommates and stuff, I’m getting an idea of that. I also like when I was originally in L.A., I paid about $1200 a month for rent and I was pretty comfortable with that at that time. And even though I’m at a lower income now and knowing that it’s higher cost of living here than it was when I was in L.A., I ran the numbers again and know that looking at that, that if I do $1200, I could still be pretty good with that and feel okay.

00:28:40:16 Ariel: It’s still super tricky to find that around here. And so, my boyfriend and I actually had spent a lot of time kind of like researching like when is rent really low and rent prices are really low in winter. And so, we’re really, really grateful to have his parents nearby and letting us live with them to figure that out. But I think about like around here, I have a friend who has a one-bedroom for $1600. I have three friends that are paying, like two of them are paying $1100 and the other one’s paying $1400. And so, kind of those seemed pretty similar around to the $1200 range that I had thought. And I just realized, you know, if I did end up having to go higher like $1300, that’s just something I have to figure out. Because I really do want like my own room, if I was going to live with roommates and other things I would have to consider and just realize like a lot of things like that.

00:29:34:02 Emily: Yeah, that makes sense. I love that you mentioned that you actually know how much your peers and friends spend on rent. It’s a topic of conversation that is not as taboo among graduate students as it may be at other times in your life to kind of like share that information. So, I’m really happy about that.

Why is Budgeting Essential for Grad Students?

00:29:47:20 Emily: So, kind of to wrap up here, why do you think that budgeting is essential for graduate students?

00:29:54:10 Ariel: I think as I mentioned before, the number one thing is just that we have such a low income anyways, and it’s really vital knowing where all your dollars are going and you don’t run any risk of overspending. Like I know somebody in my program who is like, “Yeah, I kind of just put my card and see what happens.” And hearing that really just did kind of terrify me. And so, you don’t want to accidentally go into debt or you’re just more intentional. It’s more about the overspending that I think really like scares me a bit. And I think that alone is like the biggest goal to come out of a PhD without any debt.

00:30:32:09 Ariel: I was also actually pre-med and I didn’t want to go $200,000 into debt and so if that’s really one of the big things that I went into a PhD, I think that’s a good goal to have. And you’re still able to fulfill some financial goals, even though it might not be as high of a degree as you want to. It still really helps you to facilitate that and just gives more control and power overall and not being so, not feeling like we’re like completely powerless to, you know, grad students just make this and that’s just how it is. And I’m poor and I can’t really do anything. And I know it is really hard to live on the income that we have now, but it gives us some control back and some power so that we can really set ourselves up well financially in the future. Even if it’s not putting, you know, $300 into savings every single month, if it’s just building a habit of saving or building a habit of investing or building habits of this, this, and this, that’s really going to help you financially.

00:31:26:13 Emily: I love those points. Thank you so much for articulating that. I also think that budgeting is a really powerful and essential tool and especially because of not only like sort of the tangible benefits that we’ve talked about of having control of where your money is going and awareness and so forth, but also the intangible ones that just help you sleep better at night and everything.

Best Financial Advice for Another Early-Career PhD

00:31:45:03 Emily: So, I’m so thankful that you volunteered to come on the podcast to talk about this subject in detail, Ariel. And I want to finish up here with the question that I ask of all of my guests, which is what is your best financial advice for another early-career PhD? And it could be something that we’ve talked about already or it could be something completely new.

00:32:01:12 Ariel: Yeah, I would say my best advice, I mean, I’m also an early-career PhD, is having to do with investing. And I would say it’s best to start investing monthly, even if it’s something that seems kind of small and you’re wondering, is this even worth it? Again, it’s still just building that habit and building that, you know, like muscle memory and plus one is bigger than zero. So, I think anything is good. And I’ve heard some people, like a lot of people say a bunch of different things, like, “No, you should just save a lot.” And maybe it’s different for, you might be in a different situation. But I find that even just starting to invest at this time will help you get the habit once you graduate.

00:32:43:13 Emily: And to add on to that, I mean, the habit formation alone is a great reason to start investing or start budgeting or start doing other kinds of financial practices. But specifically with respect to investing, I think it’s really powerful just to get your systems like off the ground. Like with investing, you have to make a bunch of decisions, like especially with an individual retirement arrangement or an IRA, you have to decide which brokerage firm you’re going to house it at, you have to decide what funds you want to invest in. So those are like big, like they don’t have to take necessarily that much time to make those decisions, but the decisions have to be made and it’s really easy to procrastinate them. And so, if you aren’t, you know, determined to start your investing now, it could be something you end up putting off for years just because of the annoyance of like starting this system, right?

00:33:27:01 Emily: So, not only the habits but just getting like your account set up is like a great thing to do and it’ll facilitate, you know, continuing to invest going forward. Yeah, really easily. So, I’m really glad you brought that up. And I think you also want to give some advice about those two years you spent as an RA, right?

00:33:43:14 Ariel: Yeah. Those two years that I took in between undergrad and grad school were some of the best, like really was probably one of the best decisions that I’ve ever made. I was pre-med, I graduated and was a little bit unsure if I wanted to do a PhD because I was kind of not wanting to do med school at that point. And I thought, you know, what’s the rush? Let me work. I like research. Let me work in research and just figure things out. And just realistically, in terms of a PhD, it helped me figure out what I wanted to research for a PhD, what I wanted to get out of it, why I’m even doing it. But even after that, just taking the designated time for working and kind of settling into a bit of adult life and gaining an income, I really learned a lot and matured a lot mentally, emotionally, and as we’ve talked about financially.

00:34:35:07 Ariel: And so, I think those two years were really key for me to set myself out well for the rest of my time in grad school. And I can’t imagine like going straight from undergrad into grad school. I feel like that would be a complete whirlwind. So, that’s another thing I like to tell a lot of friends thinking about whether they want to take gap years or not, I think that’s like a really good time to kind of just figure things out on your own and plan out, you know, everything across the board or just, you know, just figuring out what you want to do.

00:35:02:17 Emily: And I know we already talked about you like starting your practice of budgeting that period of time, but were you also able to come into graduate school with some savings? 

00:35:12:11 Ariel: Yeah, I saved good chunk just because again, the habit. So, I think going into graduate school, I would save just general savings monthly however much I wanted to. I hadn’t invested at that point because I knew I wanted a little bit more of like a safety net coming into grad school to have on hand.

00:35:32:03 Emily: Yeah, that makes so much sense. And it’s, Ooh, it’s a lot easier to build that emergency fund when you are making a little bit more rather than, you know, having to build it up once you start graduate school. Of course, there’s no time like the present. So, start if you haven’t started already with that emergency fund, but it’s really giving yourself a leg up to have done it when you had a higher income before. So, that sounds awesome. Ariel, it was such a pleasure to talk with you. Thank you so much for volunteering to come on the podcast!

00:35:55:22 Ariel: Yeah, thank you so much. This was really great!

Outtro

00:36:02:23 Emily: Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by Lourdes Bobbio and show notes creation by Meryem Ok.

The Motivation and Strategy Behind Biology PhD Stipends

May 15, 2023 by Meryem Ok 1 Comment

In this episode, Emily interviews Shelly Gaynor, a fifth-year PhD candidate in botany at the University of Florida. After learning of the possibility of a stipend decrease in her department last year, Shelly dedicated herself to raising the stipend in her department at UF. She and a partner even launched an app to collect stipend information from other biology departments around the US. Shelly shares everything she’s learned about the factors that influence how stipends are set and her advice for other stipend advocates. The interview concludes with a round-up of all the stipend and benefits advances Shelly has witnessed in her department, through her union’s negotiations, and at other institutions.

Links Mentioned in the Episode

  • Shelly Gaynor (Twitter)
  • Shelly Gaynor’s Website
  • Biology PhD Stipends
  • PF for PhDs Office Hours
  • PF for PhDs Ask Me Anything on the PhD Home-Buying Process
  • PF for PhDs S14E10 Show Notes
  • PhD Stipends
  • PF for PhDs Season 15
  • Emily’s E-mail
  • PF for PhDs Subscribe to Mailing List (Access Advice Document)
  • PF for PhDs Podcast Hub (Show Notes)
Image for S14E10: The Motivation and Strategy Behind Biology PhD Stipends

Teaser

00:00 Shelly: I think that the conversation has to focus on how competitive the stipend is. I think that is a focus of admins, at least here at UF. That is a big focus, is, you know, they want to compare themselves to other institutions and they want to look good. So, I think that comparison’s really important.

Introduction

00:25 Emily: Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. This is Season 14, Episode 10, and today my guest is Shelly Gaynor, a fifth-year PhD candidate in botany at the University of Florida. After learning of the possibility of a stipend decrease last year, Shelly dedicated herself to raising the stipend in her department at UF. She and a partner even launched an app to collect stipend information from other biology departments around the U.S. Shelly shares everything she’s learned about the factors that influence how stipends are set and her advice for other stipend advocates. The interview concludes with a round-up of all the stipend and benefits advances Shelly has witnessed in her department, through her union’s negotiations, and at other institutions.

01:40 Emily: There are some free recurring opportunities to meet with me that I’d like you to be aware of. First, my Office Hours are back! I set aside 30 minutes once per month to chat with up to 4 early-career PhDs about whatever money-related questions or topics you’d like to bring up. I’ve set the dates for these sessions through August 2023. Register for any of them at PFforPhDs.com/officehours/. Second, through at least September 2023, I’m hosting a monthly Ask Me Anything on mortgages and being a first-time homebuyer with Sam Hogan. Sam is a mortgage originator specializing in early-career PhDs, an advertiser with Personal Finance for PhDs, and my brother. If you are considering or embarking on the home-buying process and have a question about any aspect of it, please join us! Register for the next session at PFforPhDs.com/mortgage/. I hope to see you in one of these calls in the coming months! You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s14e10/. Without further ado, here’s my interview with Shelly Gaynor.

Will You Please Introduce Yourself Further?

03:07 Emily: It’s really a special day on the podcast because today I get to interview Shelly Gaynor, a fifth-year PhD candidate in botany at the University of Florida. You may recognize Shelly’s name because she is one of the people behind an advocacy campaign and research campaign around raising stipends in her department and across the field of biology. And that’s gotten a lot of attention in the past year. So, Shelly, thank you so much for agreeing to come on the podcast. I’m really looking forward to speaking with you today! Will you please introduce yourself a little bit further for the audience?

03:40 Shelly: Well, thanks for having me! I study evolutionary biology of flowering plants here at UF and hopefully will be done in about a year.

03:49 Emily: Yeah, that’s great. So, regarding the project that I just mentioned, is there a name? How should we refer to the project?

03:56 Shelly: We call it Biology PhD Stipends.

Biology PhD Stipends

03:59 Emily: Okay. Biology PhD Stipends. So, what motivated you to start to advocate around raising stipends in your own department, which ultimately led to Biology PhD Stipends?

04:11 Shelly: So, I started advocating more formally during my fourth year of grad school. I was starting to plan out my timeline and figure out when I was going to finish my PhD, and it became very obvious that I really should take six years. We had always planned for me to take six years, but I hoped not to because I really didn’t plan for the cost of living to increase so much in Gainesville. Every year, it seemed that rent went up about a hundred dollars, but the cost of living increased even more as we moved through the pandemic. And, you know, friends everywhere were struggling, not just here, but it was very noticeable here that people were starting to struggle to afford to live. So, at first I put together a document with about four other students that outlined what the current salary meant in Gainesville, what was the take-home after taxes, tuition, fees, and health insurance, and how far did that money actually go in Gainesville.

05:05 Shelly: And the conclusion was that it doesn’t cover the average cost. Students are expected to be rent burdened and spend more than 30% of their income on rent, and they could also be health burdened and spend more than 7.5% of their income on health costs due to our really high out-of-pocket maximum. At the same time as we put together this document and distributed it through our department, at the college level, there were discussions about how to deal with the decreasing teaching assistants’ budget. And they had decided that a group of faculty were the ones who had to decide how to decrease this budget, how to deal with those decreases. And one of my dissertation committee members was a part of that committee, and he let me know about discussions regarding cutting the graduate teaching assistant pay and standardizing it across the college. And this is when I started to collect data.

06:05 Emily: That’s a bit shocking. What was the reason behind the overall budget decreasing? Is that enrollment decreasing or something further than that?

06:14 Shelly: I think it had to do, based on the documents that I’ve read, with just general flow of money, there was a line that used to go into OPS budget, which is what the teaching assistants come from, and that had been diverted elsewhere. So, they had to deal with this ongoing decrease, and the provost gave them funds for a few years to help them cover this change, but the decrease was still coming because that revenue flow wasn’t supposed to be there originally. And they just had to start to account for that.

06:48 Emily: It’s not that I don’t appreciate the budgetary strains that I think universities and schools and departments and so forth are dealing with, but it seems to me that making the budget balance seems to be too often placed on the shoulders of the graduate students and it becomes their responsibility. And the effects on them are real <laugh>. They don’t eat as much or they don’t get the type of food that they want. They don’t live in safe housing, et cetera, et cetera. Instead of being a more, I don’t know, academic exercise <laugh> to cut it elsewhere. I think it’s so unfortunate that the budget is balanced on the backs of teaching assistants, for example. Okay. So, you heard that this was a possibility of there’s not even less work to go around, it’s just the same amount of work and potentially for less pay. You started doing the research route, the actual cost of living, what the stipends were.

07:50 Shelly: And there is a happy ending to at least that part is that they did not cut, you know, graduate TA stipends. That was not the end result.

07:58 Emily: So, what happened? What did they do?

08:01 Shelly: They did allocate differently and they cut the overall amount of TA lines rather than individuals’ pay.

08:07 Emily: Okay. So, the work was just distributed among fewer people, but those people were not paid less than they were before. Is that right?

08:16 Shelly: Yes.

08:17 Emily: Okay.

08:17 Shelly: From my understanding.

Building an Argument

08:19 Emily: So, when you started collecting this information and to make this argument for not just maintaining but increasing the stipends, what elements were you looking at to include in this argument?

08:31 Shelly: So, since we put together that document about, you know, how does the pay go in Gainesville, how far does that go? I focused on what would convince those who weren’t swayed by student conditions, what would the admins want to see? And I talked to a ton of faculty and leaders at my institution, but mostly others. And what I learned from that was, you know, you need to know who controls the budget and you need to focus on the importance of hierarchy. So, there are different budget systems at universities, and from my understanding, at the University of Florida, the budget is determined by our provost and our board of trustees. Now, to get to that provost and board of trustees, the faculty members need to convince the department chair to then go to the college and the dean who then can go to the provost and board of trustees.

09:22 Shelly: So, that was part one, is that, you know, it’s a hierarchy that people need to be talking up the list so that everyone cares and is pushing for this agenda item. Now, the second part is that benchmarking is really important. At the college level, and at the university level, the main administration offices should be doing benchmarking. And what I mean by that is two parts. So first we have internal benchmarking, which is just assessing the current status of students. For example, within our department, we found we have 19 different pay rates for the same work. So, are TA positions are at 19 different rates. We also looked into the yield rate, which is the percent of students who accept our offer to come to our program. And we found that in three years, we went from 80% to about 55%. The next step is external benchmarking, and that’s pure institution comparisons, and that is what my database was made for.

10:25 Emily: So, the internal and the external benchmarking, you targeted these as areas that you could, I guess, assist with or bring your own data to. But were the administrators and you know, this hierarchy, people in this chain of command, they were already doing this, right? Or were you bringing different data to them? How were you supplementing the process that they were already engaged in?

10:49 Shelly: So, supposedly they were doing benchmarking and they have presented data at the board of trustees meetings, but it doesn’t match my data. And even if I cherry-pick my data, I can’t find a way to make it match. And one of the reasons is because they’re combining med programs with college of liberal arts and science programs and calling that biology. So yes, we do look a lot better when you take the students who are funded by the med school versus colleges that only fund based on liberal arts and graduate TA ships.

11:22 Emily: So, in your mind, they weren’t really comparing apples to apples, they were conflating a couple of different groups together?

11:28 Shelly: Exactly.

11:29 Emily: Okay. So, the process that you were engaged in was, you were thinking, presenting higher quality data than the ones that they were using in their discussions to hopefully go up this chain to the decision makers. Is that right?

11:42 Shelly: Kind of. I also wanted the data to be accessible at the faculty level. So, when we talked to other faculty, they would ask me, you know, what about the other institutions? Like, that was actually a conversation that we already started having. So, it made sense to collect our own data so that we had something to show.

11:59 Emily: Gotcha. So, it seems like the conception of Biology PhD Stipends was to be able to compare, do this external benchmarking from the University of Florida, but also many other universities would be able to use this data as well to do this external benchmarking. And you mentioned my database, PhD Stipends, which is self-reported and a starting point I would say, but you approached things a little bit differently with Biology PhD Stipends. So, can you explain to us how you were collecting this data?

12:33 Shelly: We should rewind a bit. So, originally I just made a plot of 40 or so departments and realized they didn’t meet the living wage. And once I tweeted that and got a lot of feedback from other departments, that’s when we made it public. The reason why it’s different than PhD Stipends and not self-reported is because admin don’t always want to believe that data. And so we got a ton of pushback saying, well, you know, these are self-reported, they’re probably less, they probably account for taxes already and fees, and that’s not, you know, what we’re looking at. So, we don’t trust this data. Bye. You know, they would push it away. So, my goal was to have something that an admin couldn’t push away, couldn’t discredit, to do as much due diligence as possible. We even have an option on our website to only look at nine-month salaries versus 12-month, even though those nine-month agreements are the only money you’re getting for the whole year. We still allow those divisions so that if that’s where the pushback comes from, you can already see the data that way.

Phases of Data Collection

13:44 Emily: Okay. So, I guess I’m asking maybe two phases. So first phase, when you were collecting data and you created this chart that then later got more attention, where did that data come from?

13:55 Shelly: So, part of that data came from my undergrad institution and from faculty members there who had collected internal or external benchmarking measurements for their own efforts. And the rest of it came from searching the internet or there was this one Google sheet with a couple links in it for EEB stipends. So ecology and evolutionary biology stipends. And I worked from there. So, I just started searching biology PhD stipends to see if I could find reported stipends online.

14:26 Emily: Okay. So, this is what departments themselves say about what they’re paying their students, is that right?

14:31 Shelly: Yes.

14:32 Emily: It’s interesting that, and I understand it, but that the administrators didn’t want to trust the self-reported data in PhD Stipends, for example. But I don’t trust what they put on their websites. You know, you have to get both sides of the story. Right? Okay. But you went with the self-reported in terms of the administrative self-reporting side of things for that initial set of 40 schools. And then you said you tweeted, it got lots of attention as <laugh> I’m sure anyone would be interested. And then how did you expand the data from there?

15:01 Shelly: I started talking with faculty members at a lot of different institutions as a student rep for the Botanical Society of America. And that gave me a lot of connections within my field. And so I knew faculty members at lots of different institutions and I made a Google form and had different faculty members test it out to see if they could report data accurately and if it made sense. And I, in some cases, sent it to two people at one university to see if they would report the same thing. And then we made the shiny app. Part of the reason it was a shiny app which is just a version of R, it’s an interactive R-based plot, that you can put on a website was because my significant other had just launched another shiny app. So it was like, okay, I’m going to learn how to make a shiny app with this data to make it accessible. So, we made the Google form, we put up the shiny app, and we went from there.

15:57 Emily: I guess I’m still wondering a little bit about this data collection process. It doesn’t seem too dissimilar actually from what we’re doing at PhD Stipends, but you mentioned like internally within, I can’t remember if it was your department, you said there were like 19 different pay rates. So how, if you approach a faculty member at a different department, at a different university and say, what are you paying your graduate students? How do they know which pay rate they’re supposed to choose?

16:20 Shelly: So we asked for the minimum, what is your lowest paid PhD student in your department at this time? Not in the incoming class, but in the class that still exists. Who is your lowest paid? What is that rate? And that’s what we’re looking for. We make that very clear on our Google form. And that’s why I sent it to many faculty members was, Hey, does this make sense? Do you know what you’re reporting? Yeah. And the cool thing is that a lot of faculty or a lot of different departments have been reported more than once. So we can go through, compare the wages, figure out what’s going on, and a lot of times it’s the same, which I think is really important to see.

16:59 Emily: Do you get back zeros? Are they reporting that there are unfunded students or is that something that you explicitly exclude?

17:08 Shelly: So, if you don’t have an appointment, a 0.5 FTE, then no, we’re not including you. It’s only if you have a work appointment. In biology, it’s very rare to enroll in a program and not have an associated research assistantship or teaching assistantship. And if that’s the case, run, like don’t be part of that program

17:33 Emily: Yeah. In that field for sure. And then I’m also wondering about people who are not employees, but who rather are paid from what I call awarded income or fellowship income. I’m assuming they’re not included in this survey?

17:47 Shelly: No, they are not.

Commercial

17:51 Emily: Emily here for a brief interlude! We’re doing something special for Season 15 of this podcast, and as a loyal listener, I know you’re going to want to be involved. Season 15 will be a chance to share your financial experiences, even if you don’t want to give a full-episode interview or want to remain anonymous. We’re going to publish compilation episodes around certain themes, and each episode will feature at least a half-dozen different contributors. The contributions can be audio clips or written text that I will read aloud for the episode. If you are interested in contributing, check out PFforPhDs.com/season15/. That’s the digits 1 5. On that page, you’ll find a list of the proposed themes and how many volunteers I’ve identified for each episode. Your next step is to email me at [email protected] to let me know which episode you’d like to contribute to or if you have another idea for the list. Once I’m confident that we have enough contributions for an episode to be created, I’ll give the volunteers specific prompts and directions to create their submissions. I hope you will choose to participate in this unique season! I can’t do it without you, so please get in touch! Now back to the interview.

Reallocating Funds for TAs

19:14 Emily: So, what happened as the database gained traction?

19:18 Shelly: Okay, so nothing happened here at UF Biology in response to the database gaining traction. Eventually, maybe seven months later, I ended up presenting at faculty meeting and our faculty signed a letter saying they wanted to increase salaries, but then they had voted against every option to increase salaries at the department level. Within a department, there are many ways other institutions have been able to successfully increase TA salaries. It might not be by a lot, but things that other institutions have done include converting faculty hire lines into teaching assistantship salaries. Many have reevaluated the teaching assignments and decreased their TA needs to then reallocate funds. Many admit fewer students. One cool one was fundraising to top up students, which is kind of fun to see. And then another that’s more controversial is that programs have required principal investigators to cover summer pay.

20:21 Emily: Okay. So, all of these options were sort of in the mix. Maybe this could happen, but specifically none of them were agreed to.

20:29 Shelly: Yeah, not so far. We’ll see over time how that changes. I hope that they you know, look at the TA allocations. I think that’s something in the works, but it just hasn’t started yet.

20:42 Emily: So, that’s what was happening at UF. Have you seen other reactions or other effects at other institutions?

20:50 Shelly: Yes, and so I think that’s the more positive side. I’ve seen about 50 salary increases in biology departments across the country this year. We’ve had a lot of users on our site, about 12,000 unique users and a lot of submissions and corrections. It’s always good to hear that it’s been helpful in discussions in other departments and successful in some cases.

21:16 Emily: Yeah, that’s awesome. And you’ve had people like directly attribute like, Hey, we use this data to make this argument. Yeah. That’s amazing. Well, thank you so much for doing this work, and I’m so glad it has had some positive effects for some other people not necessarily at your institution.

Behind-the-Scenes Factors for Administrators

21:32 Emily: Okay. We touched on this a little bit earlier but let’s expand. So, what have you learned about the behind-the-scenes factors that administrators are weighing when they set stipends? And in learning that, do you have any advice for people at other institutions who are advocating for stipend increases?

21:50 Shelly: I think that the conversation has to focus on how competitive the stipend is. I think that is a focus of admins, at least here at UF. That is a big focus is, you know, they want to compare themselves to other institutions and they want to look good. So, I think that comparison’s really important. From that and from behind the scenes, I think the biggest thing I’ve learned is advocacy has to happen at every level. You need to be having conversations about pay with your faculty members, and they need to have those conversations with the chair. And the chair needs to be pushing. Everyone has to push for change to happen. And not only that, the money needs to come from somewhere. We just saw that with the UC system, that in some cases in response to this amazing bargaining agreement, departments are cutting the FTE to be able to afford the pay. So, identifying where the money can come from would also be something important to administrators.

22:55 Emily: So far, these levels that you mentioned, I suspect would’ve stopped at the university president, but how about going up to the state level or federal level? Have you given thought to advocacy at those levels yet?

23:08 Shelly: To an extent, yes. In Florida, our universities can submit funding requests in order to raise stipends. And so, Florida State University was actually able to do that. So, they got that from the state, but I haven’t thought about advocacy at that level because I’m in Florida. And I don’t think it would be successful at this time. They would rather have the war against academia than work with us. So, I don’t think that’s a conversation we’ll have here.

23:39 Emily: Yeah, I was thinking about it, because I live in California, when the UC strike was going on like that again, the responsibility for balancing the budget should not be on the backs of the graduate students. It needs to be at the state level, it needs to be at the federal level. And I agree it’s a much harder road to hoe in Florida than it is in some other states. So yes, thank you for those comments. So, I understand that you have a union at UF for graduate students. Is that just for TAs or is it for research assistants? How many people does it cover?

Graduate Assistants United 

24:10 Shelly: So, it is called Graduate Assistants United, and it covers teaching assistants. So, as a fellowship recipient right now, it doesn’t technically cover me.

24:20 Emily: Okay. And so what work is the union doing on campus, and how does your Biology PhD Stipends project fit into that?

24:31 Shelly: So, our union is currently bargaining, and in the past they have won tuition waivers, health insurance coverage, and some increases including about a thousand dollars increase to the minimum last year. Biology PhD students are paid more than the minimum. So my data really isn’t helpful for our union because they’re really focused on that minimum and bringing the minimum up.

24:56 Emily: Okay. So the union has made some strides, but your biology department already being above those minimums, it’s a little bit not so relevant. But is there anything else that you want to say about how your work can complement the union efforts?

25:11 Shelly: So, our union is still currently bargaining and they have made past wins, like I mentioned. One thing that makes it really hard in Florida is we’re a no-strike state. So, that puts a lot of burden on what advocacy can be done. As we’ve seen strikes have been, you know, really successful in unions across the country. And with that off the table, I think it’s really difficult to bargain here.

25:36 Emily: Yeah, as I’m learning more and more about this topic of unionization, and because I work nationally, that’s something I need to keep in mind. That not everything operates the same in every single state. It’s really kind of a heterogeneous map. So, then what is the current status of the minimum stipend in your college?

25:56 Shelly: So, at our university, it’s now $17,000, but in the biology department, we found out that our master’s students are actually paid $18,000 while our PhD students are at $20,500 as the minimum. So, this is the same minimum we started at when we started the biology stipends database, but new students who are incoming, there’s a slight win that for the next four years in their degree, the first four years of their degree, they’ll be paid $24,000. So that we see as a win, even if it doesn’t really help the rest of us. There was also an increase in the maximum research assistantships that our faculty were allowed to write into their grants, so that now has increased as well. One other, I would say exciting increase partially because my dissertation advisor was a part of this, our biodiversity institute was able to increase their nine-month fellowships to 30,000, which is a big win.

26:58 Emily: Yeah, I’m so pleased about those things. I’m a little bit surprised actually that the raises that were given didn’t apply to current graduate students and only incoming. Do you know any more about the reasoning behind that?

27:11 Shelly: That has to do with how the university allocates funds. So, in order to, you know, recruit good students, they have funds that are only earmarked for recruitment and incoming students, and those are only four-year fellowships. So, that’s what the funds come from and sadly, they cannot be applied to current students.

27:33 Emily: I guess this is the dangerous downside of using that external benchmarking specifically as a comparison in terms of recruiting other students, is that they can then use that logic of, well, we already have students enrolled, we don’t need to worry about them leaving, we’re just going to focus on recruiting that next class with this extra money. So, a little bit sorry to hear that, but good for them. And thank you again for doing the work that you do to at least benefit those incoming students and really your department overall, if not the older classes. Okay.

Advice for Prospective Students

28:05 Emily: So, what advice, you know, speaking of prospective graduate students and being recruited and so forth, what advice do you have for prospective graduate students in light of everything that you’ve learned through this process?

28:15 Shelly: Yeah, so I just had two undergrads I mentor apply to PhD programs. And one thing I kept telling them was, know your worth and ask for more, and actively discuss pay. Ask students in your potential lab and department how much they get paid now and what opportunities exist at their institution after you’re enrolled. Just because we know that these, you know, top-ups to get you there exist in those only last four years when our programs could last much longer. So, having those conversations as you interview at institutions is really important. I just think that we really have to open the door to conversations about pay and financial wellbeing during that recruitment process, make it not taboo, really just open that dialogue. So yeah, if your prospective, I definitely say talk about it.

29:07 Emily: That component of your answer was about gathering data, right? As a prospective graduate student, what are you being paid? And I would add onto that, of course, the qualitative, how does that feel, <laugh>, are you able to live well enough? Right? But you mentioned when you first started answering, ask for more. So what do you think about that process?

29:24 Shelly: So, I’ve never done it myself, but when I was applying to grad school, a current PhD student in my lab told me, you know, apply to multiple places and then tell them how much the other institution’s gonna pay you. He said he did it successfully, and that is the only time I’ve ever heard of that working. But, you know, if an institution really wants you, they’ll find more funds if you need, like, if they really truly do or at least I think they will.

29:51 Emily: Yeah, I fortunately in my line of work have come across many examples of people using that kind of strategy and also the strategy of, I won this external fellowship. If I bring it to your institution, you know, what are you going to do for me? Et cetera, et cetera. Those kinds of strategies, I mean, they’re not universally successful, but some people do have success with it. Your comment of if they really want you, then they’re going to find more money. I don’t know, I don’t know if that’s true, but I think they should at least respond to you very respectfully and understand why you’re asking for this and explain to you at the kind of the things that you’ve learned. Well, you know, our hands are tied in this way and we have to standardize this and this and this, but we do really want you. And you know, they, they may be able to find another way to make up for it that’s not financial, at least with verbal affirmation, we hope, alone. So yes, these strategies can be successful sometimes. Any other advice for prospective graduate students?

30:42 Shelly: I think on that same line read the fine line print, like if a fellowship is only gonna be four years, ask for the other for what’s left over to be covered. If you’re on a research assistantship that pays more than your teaching assistantship in the department and that research assistantship only asked x number of years, ask to see if there are funds available to make it equivalent. In some cases there won’t be, you’re completely correct, but if there is, it’s good to know about them going in and if there isn’t, it’s good to know about them going in.

31:16 Emily: And I just think this process of asking, even if you don’t get anything from it, which I certainly hope that people will, and I think they do sometimes. I think just the process of asking signals to the DGS or whoever is you’re asking that they can go up the chain as you were saying earlier, this is an issue that is important to the graduate students that we are recruiting. And even if they can’t do anything right then for that student who’s in front of them, it goes into, you know, the anecdotes and the data that they’re collecting to make those arguments for more fellowships or higher stipends or whatever the case it is going forward. So, even if you don’t see an immediate yes result, that doesn’t mean it’s not going to have a positive effect downstream. And really that’s kind of the lesson that we’ve seen from your work overall, right? Like there have been some, you know, gains here, gains there, marginal gains here, and it’s certainly helped a lot of other people quite a bit. So, like you never really know what the end result is going to be from that ask or from that data that you collect.

32:13 Shelly: Yeah, I definitely agree. Even having the conversations about if someone brings a fellowship, we should top them up is important and something that GRFPers who received that award while they’ve been here, have been having with the department here. So, I do think just asking can have a lot of impacts.

32:35 Emily: Yeah, I literally gave that advice to someone I was speaking to last night. A current first-year graduate student won the NSF GRFP, her stipend’s going to go up by $10K for those three years. And I said, just ask, just ask for that fifth year, sixth year, whatever it’s going to be at that 10K bonus or closer at least, and it really does no harm. Just ask.

Best Financial Advice for Another Early-Career PhD

32:56 Emily: Well, Shelly, I so appreciate you coming on the podcast and sharing this information with us, and I really hope that the listeners will take some of these strategies and lessons that you’ve learned and certainly the database itself if they’re in your field, and use those for a positive effect on stipends at their own universities. And then to wrap up here, I want to ask you the question that I ask of all my guests, which is, what is your best financial advice for another early-career PhD? And that could be something that we’ve touched on already in this interview, or it could be something completely new.

33:26 Shelly: Yeah, so I went back and forth with my family about what makes sense, and one thing that I live by, save when you can and try to live within your means. And I know that’s a really hard thing to do when we’re talking about stipends not meeting the living wage. But as you move through your career, I think it’s important to keep that in mind.

33:49 Emily: I had an experience in my own life where, you know, sometimes the opportunity to earn money can be there and sometimes it cannot. And I just told myself, make hay while the sun shines <laugh>. when you have the chance, earn the money that you can, put away the money that you can because at some point that sun will stop shining. Whether that’s because of something, you know, decided for you by your university or other personal circumstances and it’s just such a peace of mind that you could have something to fall back on in those cases.

34:17 Shelly: Yeah, I definitely believe in a rainy day fund and having funds saved up.

34:23 Emily: Well, Shelly, thank you so much again for coming on the podcast and giving this interview. And for anybody wondering, you know, where to find all the great work that you’ve been doing and there’s been articles about your database and so forth, we’ll link all of that stuff from the show notes. So, thank you so much again for coming on and sharing your insights!

34:39 Shelly: No problem.

Outtro

34:45 Emily: Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by Lourdes Bobbio and show notes creation by Meryem Ok.

This Grad Student Saved and Spent $60,000 for a Year-Long Seabbattical

May 1, 2023 by Meryem Ok Leave a Comment

In this episode, Emily interviews Michael Spano, a fifth-year PhD student in chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. After seeing his stipend offer from UCI and securing university-subsidized housing, Michael resolved to save and invest as much money as he possibly could throughout grad school. Michael shares his financial philosophy of keeping recurring expenses low, splurging only on high-value experiences, and finding joy and fulfillment in inexpensive activities. Over the course of graduate school, Michael saved up approximately $60,000 in cash, which he has spent—listen through the end of the episode to find out on what. His post-graduation plans include a year-long sabbatical and pursuing financial independence.

Links Mentioned in the Episode

  • PF for PhDs Subscribe to Mailing List (Access Advice Document)
  • PF for PhDs S14E9 Show Notes
  • PF for PhDs S8E3: Knowing Your Worth in an Environment that Devalues Your Work (Money Story with Sam McDonald)
  • PF for PhDs Season 15
  • Emily’s E-mail
  • Sailing Ambrosia (YouTube)
  • PF for PhDs Podcast Hub (Show Notes)
Image for S14E9: This Grad Student Saved and Spent $60,000 for a Year-Long Seabbattical

Teaser

00:00 Michael: I talked about how I minimized all of my recurring costs so that I have a lot of ability to save, and that allows me to make these one-time purchases that I put a lot of value on. Things that I only have to buy once. For instance, you know, a wetsuit, it’s maybe a four or $500 investment, which, you know, if you don’t have savings, it’s a lot of money. But because I had this, you know, money saving up as I’m watching it grow, I’m like, Hmm, yeah, I’ll take a little bit off the top and I’m going to buy this equipment. And it gave me hours and hours and hours of joy.

Introduction

00:36 Emily: Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. This is Season 14, Episode 9, and today my guest is Michael Spano, who at the time of this interview was a fifth-year PhD student in chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. After seeing his stipend offer from UCI and securing university-subsidized housing, Michael resolved to save and invest as much money as he possibly could throughout grad school. Michael shares his financial philosophy of keeping recurring expenses low, splurging only on high-value experiences, and finding joy and fulfillment in inexpensive activities. Over the course of graduate school, Michael saved up approximately $60,000 in cash, which he has spent—listen through the end of the episode to find out on what. His post-graduation plans include a year-long sabbatical and pursuing financial independence.

01:59 Emily: I have a personal update for you all today. The last six months or so have been pretty hard for me and my family. Starting last fall, my husband and I had some extra caregiving duties for one of our parents pop up. And the conclusion of that journey a couple of months ago was the death of that parent. So, it’s been a very trying season of course managing all of our regular life plus these extra caregiving responsibilities. Plus it was tax season, which, you know, is like the busiest time of year for me. And then of course grieving and the funeral and all these associated things. So, it’s been a lot, and I just wanted to say thank you to you all. To everyone who has supported my business in any large or small ways through this period, I’m especially appreciative. I could not do any marketing for my tax return workshops outside of like this podcast and my own mailing list because I didn’t have the time and energy for it.

03:05 Emily: So, I super appreciate all of you who recommended that workshop, whether that was to an individual or to a potential sponsor at your university. It really helped me get through this season without a huge hit to the business revenue and so forth. And I also want to say, you know, thank you for your patience with me. Some of you may have emailed me during this time and I may not have gotten back to you or gotten back to you weeks or months later. And I’m really sorry about that. It had to happen. And one more, very special thank you needs to go to my team who works with me behind the scenes on the podcast and on other aspects of my business. Jill, Lourdes, and Meryem, I appreciate you so much. It is really, really all to their credit that things have been happening in the business. That your emails have been getting answered, that podcast episodes have been coming out, that transcripts are getting done, all of those sorts of things especially over the last few months. Literally, the business would have ground to a halt without you. So, thank you.

04:03 Emily: Now that we’re near the beginning of May, I have turned my thoughts to summer vacation. I am looking forward to a change of pace and hopefully some rest and recuperation over the summer. My kids are out of school from about early June to like mid-late August, and we have a couple of vacations planned. I’m going to a couple of conferences as Personal Finance for PhDs. My kids are enrolled in fun summer camps. I’m just really looking forward to a change of pace for the summer. One exciting thing about the podcast is that we’ll be doing something different with episodes over the summer and I really want you to contribute. So, please keep listening to this episode to find out how you can be part of the special set of episodes we’re doing over the summer.

04:50 Emily: What this experience has to do with finances, let’s see. I am really grateful to myself and my husband in the past for working very diligently on our finances and especially automating as much as we can. Because whenever you hit an emergency of any type, and we’ve been through a couple, having those finances automated is just a huge peace of mind that the bills are getting paid and you do not have to do anything to make that happen. I’m also really grateful that we, you know, have aggressively saved in the past because we did have some extra costs associated with the caregiving we were doing. And we didn’t have to worry about overdrawing the checking account. We had savings that we could rely on. And this experience of losing a parent and, you know, reflecting on the life that that person had and the relationship that we had with them, it makes you realize that <laugh> life is for living, you know?

05:38 Emily: And money should be in service of that. So, I do think that we are going to be adjusting our strategy going forward. We’re not going to be saving quite so aggressively for retirement. We’re really good on that front, and we’re going to be using our money a bit more in the here and now to upgrade our lifestyle and create, you know, lasting memories with our friends and family. So again, thank you so much for bearing with me through this time period. I’m really grateful to you. Thank you for listening. Thank you for sharing these episodes. If you’d like to join my mailing list to keep up with new episodes coming out and other announcements from Personal Finance for PhDs, you can do so at PFforPhDs.com/advice. And why don’t you give your loved ones a hug or a phone call today? You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/S14E9. Without further ado, here’s my interview with Michael Spano.

Will You Please Introduce Yourself Further?

06:27 Emily: I am delighted to have joining me on the podcast today, Michael Spano. He’s a fifth-year PhD student at UC Irvine in chemistry, and he was actually recommended by past guest Sam McDonald from season eight, episode three. So, Michael, thank you so much for volunteering to come on the podcast, and will you please introduce yourself a little bit further to the audience?

07:05 Michael: Yeah, sure. Thank you for the warm welcome, Emily. I’m really happy to be here and talk about my story. Sam and I are domestic partners, so we share a lot of things in common. A little bit about my background. I’m actually a dual citizen with Brazil. I spent half of my life in Brazil. I had all of my primary education there, so middle school, high school, and college. And then I got lucky in college to have a Science without Borders fellowship. So I came to North Carolina and I got exposed to what like a science lab was in the United States, and I was hooked. So I knew I had to do my PhD here. So, ever since then I’ve been working to get back to the United States. And here I am doing my PhD at UC Irvine in chemistry, and I’m, yeah, stoked.

07:49 Emily: So, I understand that when you started your PhD, well, tell us what your stipend was. And tell us how that struck you. Having, you know, recently or let’s say for college, you were in Brazil and so obviously there’s currency and, and cost of living differences there. So like what were you thinking about that stipend when you first saw that offer letter?

08:05 Michael: Yeah, absolutely, right. So, the stipend was right around $30,000. And that was an enormous amount of money, like you said, having been coming straight from Brazil that was more money than any of my professors made at university in Brazil. So, it struck me as like an opportunity. Like if I play my cards right and I’m frugal about living, I could save a ton of money and be really well off. And mind you, if you go to a federal university in Brazil, it’s free. So, I didn’t have any debts from college. And I was going into a PhD where not only was I not accruing debt, they were paying me. So I could actually build net worth if I played my cards right. So, $30,000 a year was the largest amount of money I had ever seen at the time. And I think we can agree I kind of played my cards well and built something for myself.

Cost of Living Expenses

08:56 Emily: Yes, that will be revealed through the course of the episode. I know where the exciting conclusion is here, but the listeners don’t yet. But okay. I mean, you see the number $30,000 per year, I understand how that could strike you, but we also are talking about Southern California, which is incredibly expensive. So I don’t know if you had like the context for that at that time. Like when you lived in the U.S. before, was it also in a high cost of living area? Or like how did you, before you actually got on the ground in Irvine, did you have a concept of how much your basic living expenses would, you know, account for as part of that stipend?

09:27 Michael: That’s a fantastic question. Because no, I didn’t, I had no idea. You always hear like, you know, California’s super expensive. So, kind of to back up, I applied only to three grad schools because it costs money to apply. And, you know, at the time I didn’t have it. So, I applied to three schools, got into two of them, Chapel Hill and UCI. And UCI had this really cool deal where they guaranteed you student housing if you signed up for it in your first year. And it’s common in graduate programs, at least in chemistry, for them to fly you out to see the school and you get to meet the faculty and everything. So on that trip, you know, I took a quick look at all the facilities. I was like, great, yeah, everything checks out. It’s a top-notch school.

10:08 Michael: Let me go to Aldi and buy, you know, enough groceries for a week. Let me see what that costs. Let me go fill up the rental car that I have. Let me see what it costs to actually live here. And I talked a lot with the students about housing, and I saw that the rent varied a lot. The cheapest housing units at UCI were around $550 a month, which is like fantastic. And some of the more expensive ones were around $1,500. So, that’s a difference of a thousand dollars every month. That’s 12 grand a year. That’s a $60,000 difference over the course of your PhD. So, it was essential that I got one of those cheaper units. And because I got accepted into two programs, I was willing to walk away from UCI and go to Chapel Hill because the cost of living there is much cheaper if I didn’t get the housing assignment. Did that answer your question?

10:57 Emily: Yes, it did. So I think we’ve already, if there are any prospective graduate students listening to this, we’ve gotten some lessons there already from just what you said was going on during this admission season of you actually having the opportunity to be on the ground at the university. You were checking out what are the costs that you can observe, what are the costs that you can speak with other graduate students about? And like you said, housing is number one, the most key expense to identify and make sure that it’s going to be able to fit within your budget. So, this sounds like this was a point of negotiation with your program, that you said, I must have this guaranteed housing spot, or else I have to decline the admission. Is that correct?

11:33 Michael: Not quite. I didn’t quite have the power to enforce that requirement upon the school. But I did know the date in which they would tell me if I got the housing was still not too late, that I couldn’t turn down the offer and go and join the other school in North Carolina. So it was kind of like a plan B, if I didn’t get the cheap housing, I was willing to just say, okay, I’m out. I quit and I’m going to go to this other school that’s cheaper.

12:02 Emily: Yes. Okay. Maybe not for your situation, I don’t know, but for other prospective graduate students listening, don’t be afraid to try to use this as a point of negotiation. For you, it sounds like it was just a boundary. If I get this, I’ll go here, the numbers are going to work out. If I don’t, I’m going to go with my next top choice. And that’s totally fine to have that boundary for yourself. But other people could maybe go the next proactive step and just inform the program that that’s what you’re thinking and that is going to be a boundary that you’re setting for yourself. Okay. So, you have your $30,000 per year statement. You have your guaranteed lowest cost housing. You mentioned $550 per month. Is that what this has been during your graduate career, or has that changed?

12:45 Michael: Yeah, it’s been that and it’s gone up 15 bucks every year. So, I’m still in the range of like $600 something per month. Yeah.

Money Mindset in Grad School

12:53 Emily: Okay. Amazing. So, you know, you spoke earlier about, you know, being impressed by the amount of money and that you were interested in saving as much as you could of that stipend. Can you say anything more about what motivated you to think in that direction? Because it’s definitely not a typical goal for a graduate student.

13:14 Michael: Yeah, I think I just realized at some point, you know, like this money is freedom down the road, right? Like we exchange our life for money to do things we want. And if you’re not born into wealth, all you have to work with is your salary, right? If you’re not, if you don’t get an inheritance of, you know, $500,000, a million dollars, all you’ve got to work with is, either you come up with a really good idea, you start a business, you get rich, or you work with what you have. So, that was basically me realizing like, hey, this is a really good opportunity. I’m going to work with what I have. I did the math and you know, as we’re going to get into shortly, making some really severe like austerity measures, you can save a lot of money during grad school. It’s guaranteed income for five years, and if you play your cards right, you can save it. So, I think that’s where my head was at. You know, I realized, yeah, I wasn’t born into like a lot of wealth or anything. And this was what I had to work with. So, this was my shot I was going to take it and work with it.

14:19 Emily: So interesting again, and so unusual. I think I did something similar when I was in graduate school, though not to the same extreme as you in terms of the mindset that you had. My mindset was more like, I am an adult and I need to do adulty things with my money, even though I am also a graduate student. And so that involved like saving 10%. So I’m not thinking like, oh, I want to save every single dollar I possibly could, but like having a savings rate of some kind is something that, you know, I wanted to do. And so we had a similar thought process, but you’ve taken it a little bit further than I did at that time.

Minimizing Recurring Costs

14:53 Emily: So, let’s talk about the budget that you’ve had during graduate school, and later on we’ll discuss what you’ve, you know, decided to put those savings towards. But in terms of living expenses, what have those been aside from the rent, which we’ve discussed?

15:06 Michael: Yeah, so my philosophy on living expenses was to really take a hard look at everything that I was spending money on and asking, is this absolutely necessary? Do I really need this recurring cost? And I’ll be clear, I’m trying to minimize all of my recurring costs, like rent, like insurances, like cell phone bills, all these things that you have no choice. They get billed to you every month and you have to pay them, right? If you minimize those and you can save a lot of money, then you can choose to buy things when you want them, right? Like one-time payments for an object that will bring you lots of joy in my mind was better than subscribing to things over and over. And then, you know, wasting my salary because that, like I said, that was my only leverage is building up that savings.

15:53 Michael: So, my rent, I’m going to give you some numbers here annually, but my rent equates to about $7,200 annually. So for 12 months, I decided that, you know, in California you absolutely need a car. So I had a hand-me-down little car but it needs insurance, and that’s a recurring cost. So, even if my car is parked, it still costs me insurance. That was around $348 per year. And that’s another thing, a lot of people pay way too much for car insurance. Call the competitors and haggle. Say, Hey, I’ll switch to your company if you beat this price by 50 bucks. And when they do, call up the other competitors, like six companies. Just keep doing that until you drive the cost down.

16:34 Emily: I do have to say I’m very impressed by that number. Because I hear other people talk about their expenses for car insurance but I’m assuming you have a car that doesn’t have much value, right? And that mostly you have liability insurance is mostly what it’s there for.

16:48 Michael: Exactly. It’s just liability. A car is a tool. It shouldn’t, I’m sorry, this is my opinion, it should not be your pride and joy. That’s silly. It’s a trap. It’s a financial trap. If you’ve got a new car, sell it. Go buy a junker. Anyone giving financial advice would tell you that. Buy a junker, drive it until it explodes, fix it, and keep driving it. So here we are, rent $7,200 car insurance, $348 a year. My cell phone bill, I prepaid a whole year with Mint Mobile. They were doing this promotional. $109 for the whole year. And that’s for a four gigabyte plan, unlimited talk and text. The car needs a smog check in California, it’s $36 every year. Can’t get around that. It also needs to be registered, $128 a year. So right there, those are like my basics. Living and transportation. Mind you, I don’t have to put fuel in my car.

Retirement Saving and Discretionary Spending

17:36 Michael: So that’s not non-discretionary, that’s definitely discretionary. And then one thing that I put in my budget that I was not going to skip on was maximizing my Roth IRA. Now that’s a retirement account, it’s tax leverage. So you put money in that account that you’ve already paid taxes on and it grows tax-free and you can withdraw it under certain circumstances. But typically when you’re about to retire. So I max that out, it was $5,500 and it’s grown to $6,500 now. They might even change it this year or next year to compensate for inflation. So, when you add all those up, my non-discretionary spending, things I have no choice to pay. It’s $14,321 per year as you know, the criteria there. So my gross income is $30,000. You subtract those two and I now have a discretionary spending of $15,679.

18:31 Michael: So now, what do I choose to spend my money on? How am I going to live my life, live a fulfilled life, travel, see the world, be happy on $15,679? Well one, I buy California state park pass. So, that’s $200 a year and that gives me free parking to any of the state parks. So, I live six miles from a beach and that’s my go-to place. That’s my happy spot. I also bought some, well I’ll talk about that later, but groceries is a big one. I’ve got this supermarket called wholesome choice. I mostly eat vegetables, really healthy food. It’s $35 a week. So, that equates to $1,680 a year. I choose to have beer. I like my beer money. So, you know, having two or three beers a week, that’s, you know, at the grocery store. So, it’s six bucks a week. That equates to $288 a year.

19:25 Michael: Gasoline, let’s say $60 a month to go travel, see things that really opens up your horizons. That’s $720 a year. And then finally the National Parks Pass, which is a hundred dollars a year. And that, you know, just opens your world, right? And then California, we have so many national parks. That was, you know, hands down worth it. A hundred dollars a year. So now, add up my discretionary spending, that’s $2,983. Subtract that from my discretionary spending, and I’m left with what is my saving ability. So, I’m able to save $12,696 every year if I stick to this or roughly these numbers. So, that’s about a thousand dollars a month. So, multiply that for 12 months over the course of a PhD, five years, that’s $63,480. That’s not accounting for, if this money is in a savings account or invested in the stock market growing with the market, it’s actually more than that. It turns out to be like 70, 75,000 over that five-year span. So, that was the math I did. You know, if I can be happy putting gas in my car, going, seeing national parks, doing natural things, I don’t have to spend money on movie tickets or these other things or buying clothes or whatever, right? Whatever brings people happiness. Mine was cheap quality, good happiness, and I’ve lived a very fulfilling life.

20:50 Emily: That does bring me back to kind of a note or a point or a question that I wanted to make regarding what you said earlier about, you know, like not getting trapped into like high rent or like high transportation costs in terms of what you’re calling your recurring expenses. The expenses that have to go out the door every single month. It sounds to me like you do not value those things. So, you are going to spend as little as you possibly can. And thankfully, you know, UCI has given you a good deal on housing and so forth. So, it’s not like you have to go to market rent and everything like that and compete in Irvine for that. But I just wanted to point out that other people can have a different opinion about this.

21:29 Emily: The listeners, for example, might not want to follow your example of spending the absolute minimum possible amount of money on things like housing or transportation. And that’s okay. It’s just that you have determined, what I think is really fantastic about this story is that you have been very clear about what is important to you and what is not. And minimizing the spending on what is not important to you. You know, you’ve been very intentional about that and I fully agree with, advocate for that strategy of decide what’s important, decide what’s not. Spend as little as you can on what’s not important so that, like you’re doing, you can free up money to spend on the things that are really adding value to your life. Like you mentioned the National Parks Pass and the state parks parking and all that sort of thing. The gas to get to these, you know, wonderful natural, beautiful places. You’ve decided that’s what you value. Now you’re, I don’t know if lucky’s the right word, but in your worldview it happens to be that those things are not that expensive, right? <Laugh> in the grand scheme of things. So adding a lot of value to your life for just a little bit more spending has really increased your quality of life dramatically.

22:33 Michael: Yeah, I think you nailed it. That’s a great summary of my perspective on this.

Commercial

22:39 Emily: Emily here for a brief interlude! We’re doing something special for Season 15 of this podcast, and as a loyal listener, I know you’re going to want to be involved. Season 15 will be a chance to share your financial experiences, even if you don’t want to give a full-episode interview or want to remain anonymous. We’re going to publish compilation episodes around certain themes, and each episode will feature at least a half-dozen different contributors. The contributions can be audio clips or written text that I will read aloud for the episode. If you are interested in contributing, check out PFforPhDs.com/season15/. That’s the digits 1 5. On that page, you’ll find a list of the proposed themes and how many volunteers I’ve identified for each episode. Your next step is to email me at [email protected] to let me know which episode you’d like to contribute to or if you have another idea for the list. Once I’m confident that we have enough contributions for an episode to be created, I’ll give the volunteers specific prompts and directions to create their submissions. I hope you will choose to participate in this unique season! I can’t do it without you, so please get in touch! Now back to the interview.

Spearfishing

24:02 Emily: You brought up something else in our prep for this episode that I thought was really illustrative of your kind of philosophy around spending, which was spearfishing <laugh>. So, please tell me how spearfishing fits into your financial philosophy?

24:18 Michael: Okay, so I talked about how I minimized all of my recurring costs so that I have a lot of ability to save, and that allows me to make these one-time purchases that I put a lot of value on. Things that I only have to buy once. For instance, you know, a wetsuit. I still bought a pretty cheap wetsuit, so don’t think like spearfishing, super expensive, but you know, a spear gun, a wetsuit, gloves, it adds up. It’s maybe a four or $500 investment, which, you know, if you don’t have savings, it’s a lot of money. But because I had this, you know, money saving up as I’m watching it grow, I’m like, Hmm, yeah, I’ll take a little bit off the top and I’m going to buy this equipment. And it gave me hours and hours and hours of joy. I’ve just fallen in love with the ocean and I’m so fortunate that I got to go to school here.

25:04 Michael: I’ve never been an ocean person, but by going to the ocean, I fell in love. One day when this lady, she took her goggles and put it on a kid, her daughter shoved her head underwater and she’s giggling and screaming. And I went over, I was like, can I see what’s underwater? She put the goggles on me and I was hooked, instantly hooked. I wanted everything to do with underwater. So, spearfishing actually allows me to catch quality fish, be sustainable, and save a lot of money on groceries. Like I only buy fruits and veggies at the supermarket. Most of my protein comes from the ocean. And quality protein. Lobster season just opened up. It’s legal to catch lobsters here with your bare hands. So, I’ve had fantastic lobster dinners, lots of sea bass. I make ceviche, I jerky my fish. I mean, I have a really good quality of life from spearfishing. So, it brings me joy and it reduces my costs even further by providing me quality protein that I don’t have to spend money on, or at least the cost is very little.

26:03 Emily: Yeah, what a virtuous like cycle there that you have set up. Like something that you enjoy doing with your free time, brings you some, you know value to your mental health and so forth. And oh, what do you know? It also happens to help you reduce your expenses at the same time in terms of the grocery spending and, you know, the healthful diet and all that lovely stuff. So, I think the, maybe the broader lesson to take from that for the listeners is, maybe you won’t be able to find such a hobby that will actually help you reduce your expenses after, you know, an initial investment. But finding an inexpensive hobby that really brings a lot of value to your life is wonderful during grad school. Obviously, when you don’t have, have tons and tons of money to be having a very, very expensive hobby, it’s great to find things that are just low cost. Like I know for me during graduate school I went to Duke, so I got like really into Duke basketball and like, it’s free essentially to like watch a game with your friends, right? Like, and to have that be like your social activity. So yeah, I just love that point of finding these low cost activities that you just really, really enjoy.

Self-Sufficiency and Knowing What Makes You Happy

27:05 Emily: Is there anything else that you’d like to add regarding your expenses or how you find joy and happiness at this like, lower spending level?

27:16 Michael: There are two things I might want to talk about. So one is unexpected things happen, right? We own things that might break, like our cars or laptops, whatever. I’ve gotten very good out of necessity at fixing those things myself. So, if you think about, you know, the hourly cost to bring your car into the mechanics, it’s outrageous. If you have to do that very often, because you’re driving a junker like me, it actually defeats the purpose. So I’ve gotten phenomenally good at fixing my own car. And I’ll often try to purchase equipment that will allow me to fix the car multiple times. So that thing could break, like for example, I bought a welder from Harbor Freight for a hundred dollars because I had a hole in the exhaust of my old Subaru that rusted all the pieces. So when I got a quote from a welder, it was $150 to fix it.

28:09 Michael: And I thought, well I could buy this welder for a hundred and fix it two or three more times because another hole’s going to show up. So, it’s that kind of mentality of like, I’m going to do it myself. I’m going to fix these things, I’m going to drive the cost as low as possible. And you know, for some people it might just seem like work, but you end up learning so much in the process. Like, I can fix anything now and it’s great. I mean, even like in my next steps in life, it comes in really handy to achieve those dreams because I know how to fix things and I’m good at it. So, and another thing that I would like to drive home is like when you’re trying to find these cheap hobbies, it can be hard because we live in such an environment where we’re being advertised to all the time or we compare ourselves with other people. Try and declutter everything and, and ask yourself what really makes me happy? For me it’s nature. I love nature. And the beauty is nature’s free, right? You can just walk outside, go to a park, and yeah, when you get in tune with the things that really, really make you happy and you pull back away everything that’s clouding that, not only does it make for a much more fulfilling life, but you can save a lot of money too.

29:19 Emily: Do you think that you would have gone on that same kind of journey of understanding yourself and what makes you happy had you not had the financial constraints of the stipend slash wanting to save as much as possible? Like if you had gone a different route and not gone to graduate school, had a different kind of job, do you think you would’ve ended up in the same place?

29:41 Michael: Probably not. I think another beauty of grad school is it gives you a five-year span where you can think about things, right? It’s kind of our job is to, well the Ph in the PhD is philosophical, right? So, we have this time to think. I think, I can’t quite say if things would’ve panned out the same way if for instance, I had declined UCI and gone to Chapel Hill. My life would’ve been totally different. I probably wouldn’t have discovered the ocean. I might not have had a reason to save so aggressively my stipend, who knows, right? But all I can say is that, the way it happened, I wouldn’t change it. I wouldn’t have it any other way. It’s been a fantastic experience.

Sailboat and Seabattical

30:24 Emily: I think the listeners don’t yet fully appreciate how fantastically you are setting yourself up. Because we talked about, you even talked about Roth IRA contributions as like a recurring thing that you have to do, but you’re saving on top of that around $12,000 per year. You have that opportunity to save around $12,000 per year. So, the big reveal, what are you doing with that money <laugh>?

30:50 Michael: Right. So, to everyone that pulled out their calculators and was adding up all my expenses you know, five years of saving a grand a month, that adds up to, you know, over $60,000. I’ve purchased a sailboat here in Southern California. And more importantly, sailboats actually are kind of cheap. I bought the parking space for the sailboat that was twice as much as the boat. So, it’s called a mooring system. It’s lead weights at the bottom of the harbor, and you get to park your boat on it, and it’s kind of like a lease. So, when you buy that, you buy the rights to use that indefinitely, so long as you pay a small tax. So, that’s what I’ve done with my stipend. I’ve saved up all this money. I’ve bought the mooring and the sailboat. And my view for it in the future is, you know, it’s a little place that I can call home.

31:40 Michael: I’ll always have a place to come back to in California, wherever my life might take me. And you can actually live on them for very cheap. Now, some people have all the amenities of a house on a boat and then you completely skip rent. So, in a future where perhaps I get a job somewhere here in southern California, I have a place where I could live virtually for free and that will allow me to save, repeat this process and save even more, earning six figures. And then, you know, together with Sam, we both are like-minded. We can do whatever we want. We’ll be financially free. We can take whatever job we want because we don’t have to have a job. We’ve saved up enough money and we could do this in a relatively short time-scale.

32:22 Emily: You are the first person I’ve interviewed who has purchased a boat during graduate school. And as you said, not even just the boat, but the place to house the boat even more important. Incredible.

32:33 Michael: Thank you.

32:34 Emily: Why are you living in your campus arrangement right now? Is the boat that you have right now not suitable for living in full-time?

32:41 Michael: Yeah, it’s not suitable right now. I need to do some work on the plumbing for the sewage. Now, trying to juggle a PhD and working on a boat that’s floating in the middle of the harbor is kind of difficult. So, I’ve prioritized my education right now. But also, if you look at the house around me, this is a really nice deal. It’s beautiful. I call this place home and it’s lovely. I wouldn’t want to get rid of it. So, the rent, even though I could cut that and live on the boat cheaper, the joy that this apartment brings Samantha and I for the cost is worth it. So, we’re going to stick with this until I can no longer live here when I graduate.

33:21 Emily: And so, I see how now, you know, the skills that you mentioned developing from working on your car, I’m assuming some of those are at least the same learning mindset is translating to being able to fix up the boat and maintain the boat and and so forth. So like you found a new way to apply the skills that you were trying out and practicing on maybe a lower stakes endeavor with the car?

33:42 Michael: Yeah, absolutely. Anyone that knows someone that owns a boat, they are financial nightmares unless you do the work yourself, in which case they’re a time commitment. But it’s kind of what I’m going for here. I want to have the ability to slow down and take life at a slower pace. And that means that I do the work myself on the boat, even if it takes me a little bit longer. And I’m planning as soon as I graduate to spend a whole year on the boat traveling around the world with Sam before we go into our next endeavor. You could call it a “seabbatical”. And in that time, you know, I really want to slow down, kind of refind myself again before I just jump into the next opportunity and, you know, spend the rest of my life in a career. I really want to make sure that I get that time for myself. And slowing down learning how to fix things yourself on a boat, it’s a good way to make that dream happen on a budget.

34:36 Emily: I am so amazed by this, this idea of doing the seabbatical after you finish. Now, you’re a fifth-year, so this is in the relatively near future, right? Can you tell me what the plans are for finishing up your PhD, for doing the seabbatical, for, you know, what you’ll do after that for your next job?

34:53 Michael: Yeah, absolutely. So, I’m quite, I’m right in between opportunities here. I’m trying to finish up my thesis work and get that published and submit my thesis and defend. I’m trying to do that in the next, let’s see, we’re in November. I’m trying to do that in the next three months, and then be graduated sometime in January. And I’ve already written a grant that will fund my postdoc at a National Laboratory. So, that money is already, you know, in my hands at the National Lab. So, I’ve got a guaranteed postdoc after the seabbatical. So the idea is graduate, take the boat down to Baja, explore Baja, California, cross the Pacific either to Hawaii or straight to French Polynesia. And it’s my lifelong dream. I want to see the Pacific atolls. There are these beautiful rings of coral in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. That’s my dream. If I see that in this upcoming seabbatical you know, I’ve made it, you know. Anything else can come and I’ll happily go and join a national lab and do work there and produce science.

35:57 Emily: I love the strategy of securing the funding before, like knowing really what that next step is going to be. Because it’s a little bit of a risk, and especially I think with academia type stuff. People say, oh, you know, you take a break, you get out, you can never come back and so forth. But I really like this that you have the money, which is kind of the most important part. Having that established so that you know, you have a place to land when you’re done with this lovely break. And I’m so excited for that. And I definitely want you and or Sam, both of you to come back on the podcast after you’ve taken this year break and tell me, you know, all the shifted, you know, perspectives that you have. Maybe your life won’t even be going in the same direction that you thought at that point. That would be wonderful.

National Laboratory Postdoc Funding

36:37 Emily: But I want a little bit more detail now, if you don’t mind. I understand you’re already working with this National Lab that you had then, you know, applied for the grant for and so forth where you’ll do your postdoc. So, can you talk about that like relationship between, you know, yourself and your current advisor, your current program, and that National Lab?

36:55 Michael: Yeah, absolutely. So, you know, when you join grad school, they tell you that you’re guaranteed a stipend, right? $30,000 in my case. What they don’t tell you is what you have to do to earn that $30,000. Most people find out kind of the rather harsh way that they need to be a teaching assistant their entire PhD. Or some people write NSF grants and they get a fellowship which funds them. My case was neither. My case was, you know, a fellowship that came from Los Alamos National Laboratory. They were looking for a person that had my skillset. And my advisor at Los Alamos, my current advisor now at Los Alamos, reached out to my advisor at UCI looking for this type of individual that I kind of fit the bill. And that was that they already had built up a relationship in the past.

37:38 Michael: And, you know, that’s kind of how the world works. You call up, do you know anyone that’s good at this? And yeah, I do, here. So, that’s how I got selected for this. But that didn’t quite solve my financial problems once that connection was made. Just because I was the person for the project didn’t mean the money was there yet. So, we went through multiple rounds of applying for grants to fund me in this new endeavor, this partnership collaboration between UCI and Los Alamos. And it took us three years to actually get the funding. And then finally it came through internally from Los Alamos. My advisor at Los Alamos kind of pulled through and got that funding. And it was meant to be more of like a summer internship funding. But the way that we’ve structured it is we’ve kind of spread that money out over the whole year.

38:22 Michael: And then we, it’s not enough to fund me for the whole year. So then we have to supplement it with additional funding that my advisor from Los Alamos is able to get internally there at Los Alamos. And it’s kind of the first of its kind, but there are going to be many more of these types of fellowships. So kind of like a plug to anyone that’s in the southern UC school systems. It might not be known, but the UC system is actually a third owner or administrator of the National Laboratory. So, they’re trying to build a pipeline of students from the southern UC, you know, UCLA, UC San Diego, UC Riverside, UC Irvine to go to Los Alamos because all of the Northern UC system schools already have that pathway to the National Labs in Berkeley. So Lawrence Livermore, Lawrence Berkeley, Sandia, they already have that pathway. So, their students kind of go there. And so they’re looking to build that. So, there are actually going to be more opportunities like the one I have for students in the Southern UC school system.

39:20 Emily: Yeah. And so the way that I understand this is structured is you are an employee of the National Lab, but since you’re still a student, your education expenses are still outstanding. And your department, your program has agreed to pay those on your behalf, even though you’re not, you know, a teaching assistant or you don’t have a fellowship that’s being administered by the university, they’re still covering that part of things.

39:43 Michael: Yeah, that’s correct. It’s kind of messy, right? Because once you get external funding, the school doesn’t get its cut and then it requires you to pay for tuition. But in the way that this is, because there is this unique kind of like part-ownership of the UC systems with the National Labs, they’re trying to make this work, right? They’re trying to get students from the UC systems into the National Labs. And so, you know, some kind of conversation had to occur between Los Alamos National Lab and my department where my department agreed to pick up my tuition costs.

Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE)

40:19 Emily: I’m so glad we got that into the interview because it’s a structure that I had not heard before. So, it’s really just interesting and good to hear that there are creative solutions to how graduate students can be funded in various ways. And thanks for letting the other, you know, UC students know about this upcoming pipeline. Surprise second-to-last question, Michael. There are some ways that you’ve been answering questions in this interview that indicate to me that you might be part of the financial independence movement. Is that the case?

40:51 Michael: I mean that’s the dream. Yeah. FIRE, right? Financial independence, retire early. And I think it’s funny because a lot of people have a negative connotation with the word retire, but it’s focused more on the financial independence, right? If you have saved enough money, built enough wealth, created passive income streams to the point where you don’t have to take a job, it means you can work on whatever you dream, whatever you wish. And because we’re humans, we’re always evolving. What we picked to do in school might not be the thing we want to do for the rest of our lives. So, having that ability to say no to that job, say no to maybe perhaps corporate America or something and say yes to entrepreneurship or whatever floats your boat, right? That’s the beauty. So that’s what Samantha and I are both trying to achieve together is that financial independence so that we can dedicate our lives to whatever we want, whatever we think has value, not necessarily the big corporate, you know, pharma company or this or that, whatever pays the bills.

41:46 Emily: Do you see this pursuit of financial independence as enabling you to continue to do science in the way that you want to? Or are you thinking of it as a way of stepping away from that vocation entirely when it might, you know, please you to do so?

42:01 Michael: Hmm. Both <laugh>. Yeah. To do science, it’s a very costly endeavor, and it’s really funny the way that we structure, you know, professorships. You get paid to teach, you don’t really get paid to do the science. You need to get that grant money kind of independently from your position as a professor. So it’s kind of like, they hire you for one thing but expect you to do the other. If you have the financial independence, you can do whatever you want. You can do research, maybe you go and pursue opportunities in science that you wouldn’t have thought of otherwise. Like perhaps joining an antarctic exploration boat or something like that, right? It means you have the flexibility to pursue what you want. That might be continuing science, that might be doing something entrepreneurial, but it’s nice to have the flexibility and the financial security, or at least striving towards the financial security, to do whatever I might please in the future.

42:59 Emily: I’m so glad we got to this point of understanding this even bigger picture. Because we’ve been talking about, you know, the expenses during grad school, the savings, saving up for the seabbatical and everything, which is not full early retirement, but it’s certainly a mini-retirement as it’s called within the FIRE community. I’m glad to see that this is a vision that you see playing out over your entire lifetime. Not something you’re doing, you know, temporarily just during grad school, just for whatever reasons. You’re going to be sort of fluidly moving in and out of different employment opportunities and maybe some other sabbaticals or mini-retirements and maybe other, you know, unusual work arrangements and so forth because you’ve already started to build up this financial capital. Even though you’re not fully FI at this point, you have enough financial wherewithal to have a lot of control over how you spend your time and everything.

Best Financial Advice for Another Early-Career PhD

43:51 Emily: And so, I’m just so pleased that we can see how, you know, that started with the seed of an idea at the beginning of graduate school and how it’s going to be blossoming over the coming years and over the coming decades. So, so glad that we got to this point in this interview that we could understand that. The question that I ask all of my guests at the end of interviews is, what is your best financial advice for another early-career PhD? That could be something that we’ve touched upon already or it could be something completely new.

44:18 Michael: Hmm, that’s good. I’m going to try and answer this as best I can. Because as we’ve established, I’m kind of an exception to this, right? So my advice might be a little bit extreme for others, but I would advise to those whoever may resonate with my story, minimize your recurring costs, advocate for yourself, whether that’s, like you pointed out, the necessity for a certain accommodation at the university. You can also advocate for a higher stipend for yourself at the university. Most people don’t know that. So, minimize recurring costs. Advocate for yourself. Those are my two big ones.

45:00 Emily: I love that. That’s sort of how I see my, you know, even business going forward of like advocacy and also doing really well with what you have, such as by minimizing those not important to you, recurring expenses. And Michael, where can people find you if they want to reach out?

45:17 Michael: Yeah, so if you want to follow me, my sailing adventures are all published on YouTube under my channel Sailing Ambrosia. So if you want to, you know, unplug and unwind, you can follow me there on YouTube.

45:30 Emily: Michael, this has been such a fascinating interview. I’m so glad that Sam recommended you. And thank you so much for taking the time to give it!

45:37 Michael: It’s been my pleasure. I really hope that someone out there resonates with this story and perhaps I’ve enlightened someone to follow in my footsteps.

Outtro

45:49 Emily: Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by Lourdes Bobbio and show notes creation by Meryem Ok.

Student Loan Deferment Shouldn’t Be Your Default

April 3, 2023 by Meryem Ok 1 Comment

In this episode, Emily interviews Meagan McGuire, a Certified Student Loan Professional and consultant with Student Loan Planner. Meagan goes over all the pertinent terms of the upcoming modified REPAYE plan, which is expected to join the other options for income-driven repayment plans in 2023. The relatively more generous terms of the modified REPAYE plan, such as the revised payment calculation and the interest subsidy, make it an attractive option not only for borrowers already in repayment but also for those currently eligible for deferment. That’s right! If you are a grad student, don’t default into deferring your student loans after the administrative forbearance ends! Instead, consider whether it’s worthwhile to enter repayment under modified REPAYE. You could potentially avoid all of the interest that would have accrued on your unsubsidized loans during grad school and/or reduce the number of years you have to pay on your loans post-PhD—all for free or a low cost. If you hold any federal student loans, do not skip this episode! Update 10/3/2023: The plan discussed in this interview is now called the SAVE plan.

Links Mentioned in the Episode

  • PF for PhDs Tax Workshops
  • PF for PhDs S14E7 Show Notes
  • PF for PhDs S7E13: How to Handle Your Student Loans During Grad School and Following (Expert Interview with Meagan Landress)
  • Student Loan Planner
  • Federal Student Aid
  • PF for PhDs Subscribe to Mailing List (Access Advice Document)
  • PF for PhDs Podcast Hub (Show Notes)
Image for S14E7: Student Loan Deferment Shouldn't Be Your Default

Teaser

00:00 Meagan: This new REPAYE plan makes deferment look very unattractive for a lot of reasons. There’s not a lot of advantage to deferment anymore. And even if you had a payment kick in, keep in mind it’s a very, it’s a portion of your income. And if you’re closer to, let’s say 35, you know, $35,000 for your stipend, that’d be closer to maybe almost $10, $20 a month.

Introduction

00:32 Emily: Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. This is Season 14, Episode 7, and today my guest is Meagan McGuire, a Certified Student Loan Professional and consultant with Student Loan Planner. Meagan goes over all the pertinent terms of the upcoming modified REPAYE plan, which is expected to join the other options for income-driven repayment plans in 2023. The relatively more generous terms of the modified REPAYE plan, such as the revised payment calculation and the interest subsidy, make it an attractive option not only for borrowers already in repayment but also for those currently eligible for deferment. That’s right! If you are a grad student, don’t default into deferring your student loans after the administrative forbearance ends! Instead, consider whether it’s worthwhile to enter repayment under modified REPAYE. You could potentially avoid all of the interest that would have accrued on your unsubsidized loans during grad school and/or reduce the number of years you have to pay on your loans post-PhD—all for free or a low cost. If you hold any federal student loans, do not skip this episode!

02:22 Emily: OK guys, if you’re listening to this in real time, it’s April. You have just weeks or days to finish up your tax return, if you haven’t already. I’m standing by, ready to help you the moment you say you want me to. I have four versions of my workshop on preparing your annual tax return available, covering postbacs, grad students, and postdocs, both US citizens/residents and nonresidents. The last live Q&A call for the citizen/resident versions of that workshop is on Thursday, April 13, 2023. I’m also answering questions for the nonresident version asynchronously, and the deadline to submit those is Tuesday, April 4, 2023, but I might be able to get to some after the deadline as well, we’ll see. I also offer a workshop on estimated tax, which you’ll probably want if you are currently on fellowship and were surprised with a large tax bill on your 2022 tax return. The quarter 1 Q&A call for that workshop is on Monday, April 17, 2023. You can find the links to purchase any of my tax workshops plus tons of free resources at PFforPhDs.com/tax/. You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s14e7/. Without further ado, here’s my interview with Meagan McGuire of Student Loan Planner.

Will You Please Introduce Yourself Further?

04:02 Emily: I am so excited to have on the podcast today, Meagan McGuire. She is a consultant with Student loan Planner, so we have an actual expert on the podcast with us which is a refreshing change of pace. And yeah, I’m just so excited that Meagan is here because she works for this amazing company called Student Loan Planner, which if you have federal student loans and you’re not already following them, get on their mailing list, get on their socials. They have great, great information. I’ve been heavily relying on them with all the excitement and student loan news recently. Meagan has actually been on the podcast before, back in season seven, episode 13. So if you haven’t yet listened to that you know, some of that information might be a little bit out date because things have been developing. So, we’re going to talk about the new modified REPAYE plan today, which is another one of the income-driven repayment plans. We’re going to explain all those terms in just a second, but that’s the subject for today. So, if you have federal student loans, do not tune out, do not hit pause. This is a crucial episode for you. So, Meagan, thank you so much for joining me. Will you please introduce yourself a little bit further?

05:04 Meagan: Of course, yeah. Thanks for having me again! I love nerding out about student loans. It’s also a very not fun topic. So we will <laugh> we will talk about it as you know, directly and informationally as possible to help you take a nugget of information from this conversation. But yeah, so I’m Meagan McGuire. Prior last name was Landress. I got married last year, so my last name is different now. But I’ve been with Student Loan Planner since 2019. I’ve been doing student loan planning for a while for my whole career, <laugh> pretty much. And I found that it, you know, student loan planning, in specific, like when it comes to financial planning is such a big piece of somebody’s financial plan. And it’s sometimes the first introduction to finance, which is not fun. And so, having an idea of what you should be doing with your student loans can help ease some of that, you know, anxiety or angst when it comes to thinking about money and finances in general. So, I’m happy to be here. Thanks for having me!

06:06 Emily: I love it. Thank you so much! And you have an actual professional designation, do you not?

06:10 Meagan: Yes. Oh yeah, I forgot to mention that. Yes, <laugh>, I’m what’s called a Certified Student Loan Professional or CSLP. It is a new-ish designation in the financial planning space. I got it back in 2019, very beginning of 2019, when I started with Student Loan Planner. But that just tells you that a professional has the financial planning background along with the specialized education in student loan planning.

06:37 Emily: Yeah, it’s so important. I know that people sometimes get really bad professional advice around what to do with their student loans and that’s why I love following Student Loan Planner. And there are other similar, you know, people who provide similar services. But having that designation is so important because as we’ve learned, there are so many fast moving changes and updates in the student loan world. And so, you really need someone who is up to date. Speaking of being up to date, we are recording this on March 3rd, 2023 <laugh>. So, very important between the time of our recording and the time of this release, maybe there’s been some major upheaval in the student loans world. We don’t know, just earlier this week, a couple student loans cases went before the Supreme Court, but of course we don’t have a decision yet. We’re still waiting on that and many things are waiting on that plan.

Repayment Plans

07:20 Emily: So, actually the subject for today is not the cancellation, which is very exciting on its own. But instead we’re talking about this new IDR plan, or modified IDR plan. So Meagan, I want you to take us back to the beginning with federal student loans because some people in my audience, you know, maybe current undergrads currently in grad school, they may have never had their loans go into repayment. So, they might not even know what the options are. What all these acronyms are? So, can you just tell us what are repayment plans? What are IDRs?

07:48 Meagan: Mm-Hmm. <Affirmative>. Yeah, for sure. So, there are kind of two different buckets of repayment plans or types of repayment plans you can consider when you’re entering repayment in the future. One bucket would be amateurized options, which are kind of like a normal loan, how that would operate where you get a term. So, 10 years, 20 years, could be as far out as 30 years. They take your balance, spread the payments out over that timeframe, and you pay off the whole balance within that timeframe. So, very standard, very normal definition, or you know, way of paying back debt. So, that’s one route. The other bucket are income-driven plans or IDR plans. That is the blanket term for the different income-driven options there are, because there are technically five different income-driven plans available, currently. And so, you know, depending on your situation, your marital status, your income, you know, it could lean you one direction or another when it comes to those income-driven plans. But so far there’s REvised Pay As You Earn as one, or REPAYE. Pay As You Earn, or P A Y E. There’s IBR, income-based repayment, new and old. So, technically those are two different plans. New IBR and old IBR. And income contingent repayment, or ICR. That’s the the laundry list of income-driven plans that are available currently. <Laugh>

09:20 Emily: And, correct me if I’m wrong, but the idea with the income-driven plans is that your payment is recalculated based on a recent income, maybe the previous tax year, for example. And it should, ideally, be lower than what you would have on the standard plan if you were going to opt for an IDR plan. So, you have this lower payment, but it scales with your income. So if your income goes up or down in the future, your payment may go up or down. And the purpose is not necessarily to pay off the loan in its entirety. So, what happens with IDR plans once you’ve been paying on them for a while?

09:51 Meagan: Yes, that’s a great question. So, unlike the amateurized options where it’s designed to pay off the loans during a certain time period, income-driven repayment plans, they are not designed to pay the loans off. They can, mathematically, if your payment is enough to do so over time, but it’s not designed for that. It’s designed to make a payment affordable based on the income that you’re bringing in. And let’s say you’re in a situation where mathematically your payments are never enough to pay off the balance. Well, those income-driven plans all come with a maximum repayment period of either 20 or 25 years. And if you’ve made payments for that 20 or 25 year threshold, whatever balance is left over at the end of that timeframe is then forgiven. So, it really helps people who are never really going to be able to get out from under their loans. No one is ever going to die with their debt <laugh>. They can get on that income-driven plan and go towards loan forgiveness. I hear that a lot where someone will say, “Ah, I’m going to be paying this until I die.” And I’m like, “Ah, check out those income-driven plans. Probably not.” <Laugh> you might be paying for a while but not forever. So, that is a safe haven for those that have large balances in comparison to their income.

11:13 Emily: I think you put that very well. It’s really designed to help people get out from massive student loan balances where their income is not really high enough to support a standard payment on that high debt balance. So, maybe your career plans changed, I don’t know what could have happened. Maybe your education plans changed, something has gone on where, yeah, your career income does not support this. And certainly for people in my audience who are graduate students, maybe they’ve gone through a lot of career shifts in the many, many years they’ve been in higher education. Or maybe they’ve accrued a lot of debt during that time.

Tax Bomb

11:47 Emily: One more question around sort of the technicalities of these IDR plans. Now, I understand that there is what was called a tax bomb at the end of some of these plans. Can you explain what that is?

11:58 Meagan: Yes. So, a tax bomb, that’s kind of the term we use for what happens after the loans are forgiven. So, when the loans are forgiven, there’s a debt that’s discharged. And the IRS sees any debt that is forgiven or canceled or discharged as a benefit to you. So, they tax that as income in the year that it’s forgiven. So, I know that sounds unfair <laugh> that is not fun. So, an example of this would be, let’s say you’re paying for 20 years. You still have a balance of $50,000 at the end of that 20-year timeframe. That is forgiven, yay. But then you hypothetically would be getting a 1099 for that $50,000 that was forgiven. And of course you didn’t pay income taxes on that because that wasn’t part of your income. It was something that was forgiven. So then you have to report that as if you did make it as income and pay income taxes on it. That sounds really scary. But mathematically, if your balance is a lot larger than your income, it can still make sense to go that direction even if the tax implication exists. When we do our planning with folks, we plan out how much we need to save per month to prepare for that. And oftentimes the savings amount that you have going towards that tax bomb and the monthly payment that you have going towards your loans is still a lot less compared to what it would look like if you were trying to pay it off traditionally.

13:28 Emily: Yeah. And I want to note that one of the reasons that student loans have become such a hot button issue, and one of the reasons why these IDR plans have in the past gotten a lot of criticism, is because of the negative amortization schedule. So some people, and what that means is that some people who, you know, you have these low payments available if your income is low enough or if you have enough kids or whatever the calculation is, their payment might be so low that it’s not even covering the interest that is accruing on that loan. And that means that the loan balance is ballooning and ballooning and ballooning over time. So, the plan that we’re going to talk about, I want to say too many spoilers, but it does address this. Okay, so one of these major, major issues with student loans is being addressed. And we’ll talk about that in just a few minutes. But before we get too far off of this basic “what’s going on with student loans” question, I want you to explain what public service loan forgiveness is and how it plays in with these other plans that we were just talking about.

14:23 Meagan: Yeah, so public service loan forgiveness or PSLF for short. It’s not a repayment plan, but it is a program that you can pursue while on an income-driven plan if you’re working full-time in a public service capacity. So this is for those that work in non-profit, work in government, you know, academia is a great example. If you’re working at a public university. You know, or private yeah, it could be private as long as they’re 501(c)(3) status. So public service loan forgiveness, if you make 120 qualifying payments, which means that you’re on an income-driven plan, you make 120 qualifying payments, which shakes out to 10 years if you’re completely consistent, and whatever balance is left over at that time is forgiven. And a really great part about that too is that it’s forgiven tax-free, unlike those income-driven forgiveness paths. So, PSLF can be a really great option for those whose career is in public service. It’s a much shorter timeline than the 20 or 25 years, and it doesn’t have the tax implication with it. So, it’s definitely a great program if it makes sense with your career path.

15:39 Emily: Yeah, and I know probably a lot of people in my audience, maybe more so than the general population, does have plans to work in academia or in government or for non-profits or for other kinds of qualifying employers after their graduate school is done. So, this definitely could factor into the plans for a lot of people. Especially if you do a postdoc, maybe that’ll take a few years at a university or in government and those years count if you’re making your payments, you’re enrolled in the program and so forth. One thing that I do want to note for current graduate students is that you have to be a full-time employee for the payments that you’re making under PSLF to count towards PSLF. So, graduate students are almost always considered halftime employees or less.

16:19 Emily: And so, even if you are an employee of a university during graduate school, even if you are in repayment, that time is not going to count for PSLF unless you’re a very, very unusual case. But if you’re a part-time employee, it’s not going to count towards PSLF, unfortunately. However, I know most people who are in graduate school are choosing deferment in any case, so they’re usually not making payments anyway.

Modified REPAYE

16:38 Emily: So, let’s get into kind of the meat of this new, modified, I don’t know what language you use. The new version of REPAYE. Okay.

16:45 Meagan: Yeah, <laugh>.

16:46 Emily: So, back in August, 2022, the president proposed a new IDR plan. Now that plan has kind of been modified over time, so it’s no longer a new IDR plan, but you explain what is this new-ish plan that we’re looking at?

16:59 Meagan: Yeah, new-ish. Yeah, that’s the right terminology. So, their plan originally was to come out with a whole new income-driven plan. But then a couple things I think happened that made them reconsider that. One is we already have five income-driven plans, so that wasn’t really going to simplify things. It was going to add one more thing to the equation to make things a little more complicated for decisions. And also the Department of Ed did not get an increase in their budget this year. So, they are operating off of the same budget that they’ve been operating off of with all of this stuff going on. So, they’re not going to have the capacity to be implementing a whole brand new plan. I think that is my assumption, <laugh>, why they started to instead of have a a new plan, they’re thinking about modifying an existing plan. And the existing plan that they’re thinking about modifying is REPAYE, revised pay as you earn. REPAYE is one of the cheapest income-driven plans, currently. There are some pros and cons to this plan currently, but some of the modified changes could be very attractive. Especially for those you know, starting out their career coming up who might have long training periods, which we could certainly get into.

18:20 Emily: So, when you were last on the podcast, we talked about very, very broadly, very generally, kind of a rule of thumb around what the ratio is of your student loan balance to your income once you go into repayment. So, for my audience, this is usually going to be post-PhD, perhaps post-postdoc. So, your career income at that point, and what those ratios might be in order for you to really want to consider an income-driven repayment plan versus just going down the standard repayment route. Now I think what’s going on with this modified REPAYE plan is that that rule of thumb has probably gone out the window. It may be completely different now. So, we’ll talk about that in a moment. But I just say this because I want the audience to stick with us because we’re going to be talking about some technical parts of the plan now. But really an IDR might be more attractive to you with this new version rather than in the past. So like, if you have any kind of student loans, I want you to stick with us through this next, like, pretty technical section. Okay, so this modified new-ish REPAYE plan. You said we think it’s going to look like this. How firm is this plan, and when is it going to go into effect, or we think it’s going to go into effect?

19:24 Meagan: It has passed the 30-day commentary period. So, it was officially proposed. There was a 30-day commentary period where folks could make suggestions and now they’re reviewing those. We’re outside that 30 days. So I think the timing of this, I think we are going to hear more information on if what was proposed is actually going to be implemented. I think we’re going to hear about that in the next couple months. So, maybe by May, June. And maybe those rules will be locked and loaded for July, meaning maybe we can enroll in this by the end of the year or early 2024. That is my estimated timeline. Payments, as we know, are not currently enforced, like no one’s making income-driven payments or payments towards their federal student loans.

20:17 Meagan: And it’s all kind of, the start date is contingent on this Supreme Court case, as you had mentioned earlier at the beginning of the podcast episode, which is debating if that one-time cancellation can be done. Can Biden forgive $10,000 or the $20,000 of student loan debt for anybody under those income thresholds? We don’t know yet. And I think Congress and the Department of Ed is waiting to see how this is going to shake out so they can know if they need to make any modifications to this modified proposed repay plan. Or if they want to make it more generous or if they need to take stuff out. So, I think they’re kind of waiting on that, if that makes sense. But we could see this, you know, definitely within the next year, which I think is exciting.

21:05 Emily: Yeah. Okay, so we’re going to talk about the plan as of today’s date, and you know, if there are more changes that come down, you know, stick with Student Loan Planner. Follow them, follow me. I’ll try to make updates to this as well if any major updates are to be had. But we’ll talk about the proposal as it exists today. Okay, so who is eligible once this plan is in effect? Who would be eligible to enroll in it?

21:29 Meagan: So, anyone who has federal direct loans. So, if you, and direct loans, you can tell if you have these, if you log into your studentaid.gov account, you should see literally the word direct in your loan name. If you see something like Perkins Loan or FFEL, which stands for Family Federal Education Loan, those loans in particular are not going to be eligible for this new plan, but they can be if you consolidate them. So, that is an option if you needed to fix that. And that would only be relevant to anyone who had borrowed before 2010. These loans are not issued anymore. So, if you are newer to borrowing or started borrowing after 2010, don’t worry about it. You’re going to have the right loans. And private loans are excluded. This is just for federal student loans.

Payment Calculation

22:20 Emily: Okay, yes, thanks for that clarification. So, one of the things that is being modified about this REPAYE plan is how your payment is calculated. So, can you explain maybe both, but definitely the new way that the payment, if there’s any payment, what it would be?

22:36 Meagan: The current calculation, how they do this is they take your adjusted gross income, usually from your tax return. There’s like an IRS data retrieval tool that they have that they just pull it through from your most recently filed tax return. So, adjusted gross income, that’s not gross, that is your gross pay minus any pre-tax deductions. So, think you know, 403(b) contributions, 401(k) contributions, HSA, FSA, those things are taken out. So, we get our adjusted gross income, then they subtract 150% of the poverty line, which that’s about $20,000, $21,000 for one person, for a family size of one. So they take your AGI minus that 150% of the poverty line, and you get what’s called your discretionary income. And then that is what the payment itself is based off of. And REPAYE is based on 10% of that discretionary income number. The new way that they’re proposing this to be done is similar, still going off of adjusted gross income, but instead of 150% of the poverty line deduction, they want to take 225%.

23:51 Meagan: So, it is a big hike in how much would be part of your discretionary income. So, naturally, that would make anyone comparatively looking at the old REPAYE and the current REPAYE, it would make anyone have a slightly lower payment. It could be worth as little as maybe75 to a hundred dollars a month compared to the current REPAYE plan. It could be a lot more if your income is a lot more. It just depends. So not only that, so that’s one way that they’re going to calculate the payment a little bit less. But the other way that’s going to impact the actual calculation is the portion of your balance that’s for graduate loans would stay based off of that 10% of discretionary income. If you have a portion of your balance that was from undergrad, let’s say you have like $30,000 from undergrad, $70,000 from, you know, graduate school, that would mean 30% of your loan balance is undergrad.

24:52 Meagan: So, they plan on, or the proposal is for undergraduate loans, they would charge 5% of discretionary income. So, you’d have some weighted proportion of the two. 30% of your payment is based on 5% of discretionary income, and the other 70% would be based off of 10%. So, your percentage will certainly vary depending on what your actual weight is for the undergraduate loans. But all in, it does make the payment slightly cheaper for just about anybody. Maybe a lot less for some that have a lot of undergraduate loans. Maybe not, you know, that 5% may not come in if you never borrow it for undergraduate, but that’s currently how it’s proposed.

25:40 Emily: Okay, so let me restate, make sure that I understand.

25:43 Meagan: Yeah, I know that was a lot. <Laugh>.

25:44 Emily: So, of your adjusted gross income, your AGI, which is your gross income minus your above the line deductions, as you mentioned. Things like traditional retirement account contributions. So, you get your AGI, and then a certain amount of that is going to be not used in the calculation. So, it is 225% of the federal poverty line in the case of the new REPAYE plan. I think I looked at that, and for one person it’s about $30.5K. 30 and a half thousand dollars for one person. If you had children, if you had a bigger family, that number would be larger. So the amount that is excluded from your income, that’s not going to go into the calculation is going to be larger. And then whatever marginal amount of income you have above that calculated level, that’s what you’re going to be calculating the payment from.

26:31 Emily: So, it’s 5% from your undergraduate loans, 10% from graduate. If you have both, it’s going to be a weighted combination of the two to make the calculation. So, many people in my audience, I would think probably only have undergraduate loans. And so if they’re looking at that calculation, they’re going to be, you know, it’s 5%, but just of the discretionary income, just of that amount of income that’s exceeding this 225% of the federal poverty line. Okay, I think I restated that okay. Because this is a really important part of this is like, how is this payment calculated?

27:00 Meagan: Yeah. And just a quick note, if that kind of made your head hurt and it made you sick to your stomach thinking about those calculations, we do have a free calculator on our website, studentloanplanner.com, that you can go and plug in your income and it’ll do the math for you. So, there are resources, free resources out there that can help you with that <laugh>. So.

Commercial

27:21 Emily: Emily here for a brief interlude! Tax season is in full swing, and the best place to go for information tailored to you as a grad student, postdoc, or postbac is PFforPhDs.com/tax/. From that page I have linked to all of my tax resources, many of which I have updated for tax year 2022. On that page you will find free podcast episodes, videos, and articles on all kinds of tax topics relevant to PhDs. There are also opportunities to join the Personal Finance for PhDs mailing list to receive PDF summaries and spreadsheets that you can work with. The absolute most comprehensive and highest quality resources, however, are my asynchronous tax workshops. I’m offering four tax return preparation workshops for tax year 2022, one each for grad students who are U.S. citizens or residents, postdocs who are U.S. citizens or residents, postbacs who are U.S. citizens or residents, and grad students and postdocs who are nonresidents. Those tax return preparation workshops are in addition to my estimated tax workshop for grad student, postdoc, and postbac fellows who are U.S. citizens or residents.

28:37 Emily: My preferred method for enrolling you in one of these workshops is to find a sponsor at your university or institute. Typically, that sponsor is a graduate school, graduate student association, postdoc office, postdoc association, or an individual school or department. I would very much appreciate you recommending one or more of these workshops to a potential sponsor. If that doesn’t work out, I do sell these workshops to individuals, but I think it’s always worth trying to get it into your hands for free or a subsidized cost. Again, you can find all of these free and paid resources, including a page you can send to a potential workshop sponsor, linked from PFforPhDs.com/tax/. Now back to the interview.

New Interest Subsidy

29:24 Emily: Now, some other stuff is going on with the interest and how that is accruing and so forth. So, explain what’s going on in the new plan for the interest.

29:30 Meagan: Mm-Hmm. <affirmative>, yes, the interest subsidy. So, this is another really big deal with this new proposed plan. So, just as you had mentioned previously, one of the big, maybe downsides or just factors of being on an income-driven plan is, you know, if you’re on an income-driven plan, you’re going for payment affordability, you’re going towards loan forgiveness, most likely. So, your payment could very well not be enough to be covering even the interest that’s charged per month. And that would mean with a student loan debt your interest that’s not paid would be accruing on the balance. This is different than capitalization. So, it’s not actually being added to the balance and then interest is charged off of that new balance, thankfully. Student loans grow in a simple interest format. But it still accrues on your balance. So, that means your balance is growing as you’re going towards loan forgiveness, which really gives a lot of people some heartache because that’s not normally how debt works. <Laugh>.

30:38 Emily: And contributes to the tax bomb we were talking about earlier.

30:42 Meagan: Yes, exactly. So, that gets to the meat of this. So, this subsidy with the proposed new revised REPAYE plan, they plan to have a 100% interest subsidy, which means it would not allow the balance to grow at all, even if you know, it should have been based on the regular rules today. So, that’s really big. It’s big for a few reasons, not just for people who are going towards forgiveness. And this is an important note that I wanted to mention earlier. I just remembered now, these income-driven plans don’t have to be the forever plan for you. Like they don’t have to be the long-term plan, but you can use them as a tool, especially in the years where you’re not making a lot of money. And if this new REPAYE plan is approved as it’s proposed, it would be a huge benefit to you to be on this new REPAYE plan.

31:37 Meagan: Because even if your income’s really low, even if your payment is calculated to be zero a month, which is possible, as long as you’re in repayment on that new REPAYE plan, your balance cannot grow. That is different if you go into deferment, which is allowed if you’re in a training program. So, that’s something to definitely consider. And I know that was something we wanted to talk about here in a bit too, but the a hundred percent interest subsidy is a big deal cause it keeps the balance growth at bay. It can’t go higher than what it is, you know, at its current principle and interest today, which is great. And so, that helps reduce the future tax implication in the future and it can help maybe people with lower income now but plan on paying the loans off later to keep the balance as low as possible.

32:30 Emily: Yeah, thank you so much for saying that that way. Now when you’re saying a hundred percent interest subsidy, what I understand about this is that if you are making a payment, your payment goes against the interest that accrued that month first. If you’re making a larger payment than just the interest that’s accrued, then the principle comes down. If you’re making a payment that’s less than the interest that has accrued, you’re still making that payment, but then the government will be paying the other portion of the interest that’s accrued. Is that what you mean by 100%? So, it’s like it’s never going to grow, but that doesn’t mean you’re not paying interest.

33:06 Meagan: Yeah, that’s a good point.

33:06 Emily: You could be paying interest. It’s just not going to grow and grow and grow.

33:09 Meagan: Yes. Yeah, basically, you could look at it as an interest only loan where you’re just paying interest but the balance isn’t going to be going down, but it’s not going up. So that’s a good thing, <laugh>.

Undergrad Versus Grad Timeline

33:21 Emily: Yeah, absolutely. So, let’s compare this quickly to what many people in my audience may be familiar with because if they’re, let’s say currently in graduate school, their loans are probably in deferment. And if they had subsidized loans from their undergraduate degree, subsidized doesn’t mean that no interest ever accrued. It meant interest accrued and then the government paid it completely for you. So, it’s very similar to that. It’s just that it might not be paid completely if you are making some kind of payment as well, versus if you’re in deferment and you have unsubsidized loans, of course you’re not making payments, but that interest is still accruing, it’s not being subsidized at all. So, this modified REPAYE plan is kind of somewhere in between, right? Fully subsidized and fully unsubsidized loans. If we’re talking, you know, if we’re comparing to people who are in deferment, which this is not for people who are in deferment, this is for people who are in repayment.

34:09 Emily: We did just cover when you’re calculating the payment that undergraduate and graduate loans are treated differently. But I understand there’s also a difference in terms of the repayment term before forgiveness occurs. Can you clarify that?

34:22 Meagan: With the proposed plan, the undergraduate loans could be eligible for forgiveness after 20 years. Graduate loans would be on the 25-year timeline unless you’re on either pay as you earn, which is a different income-driven plan or new IBR. So, there is a 20-year timeline for graduate loans. It just will not be associated with the new REPAYE or the existing REPAYE. So, that’s something that goes into the planning when we decide, you know, is this new plan going to make sense? Or do we just rely on the existing plans for the shorter term?

Married Filing Jointly or Separately

34:58 Emily: I see. Gotcha. So, because your payment is based on your tax filing <laugh> forms, your AGI, how you file your taxes affects that payment. So, I understand that most people who are married, most Americans who are married file jointly, it kind of makes sense calculation-wise for most people. But student loans are one of those areas where it can throw a wrench in that, and some people do choose to file separately. So, what is going on with married filing jointly versus married filing separately? And how is the modified REPAYE plan treating that?

35:29 Meagan: Right. Yes, so you’re exactly right. Filing taxes as a married couple, normally you’re going to be filing jointly. There are a lot of tax advantages to filing jointly with a spouse. Main reasons to be filing separately would be if there are IRS debt situations with a spouse that you want to exclude from your situation, if you’re going through a separation or a divorce. Those are some big main reasons, but also student loans are becoming a large reason why people consider to file separately. And that is because when we’re on an income-driven plan, the payment is based off of your adjusted gross income that pulls from your tax return. So, if you’re filing taxes jointly, then the Department of Education is going to want to know what your household income is because you filed jointly with your spouse. So, even if it’s just your loans, the payment is going to be based off of the household income, which can be a problem for folks, especially, I mean for a number of reasons.

36:29 Meagan: It will make the payment higher if your spouse has income. It weirdly makes it seem like your spouse has to be contributing to your loans even if you went into a relationship with the understanding that it was your debt. So, it can create some issues there. And so there is a solution to this. Filing taxes married separately, depending on the plan, will allow you to exclude spousal income. So, that is a big advantage for a lot of people who are pursuing an income-driven plan or forgiveness because it keeps the payment just based off of their income. It keeps the payment lower, so it’s maximizing the forgiveness path. The current REPAYE plan as it is right now does not allow you to exclude spousal income regardless, which is kind of stinky. So, we’d have to revert to either PAYE, the pay as you earn plan, income-based repayment, either the new or the old IBR, or income-contingent repayment.

37:32 Meagan: Those other four income-driven plans allow you to keep the payment off of your own income as long as you’re filing taxes separately. REPAYE currently does not. Now, bear with me. The new revised REPAYE plan would then allow <laugh> this to actually be the case for REPAYE to exclude spousal income. So, that is a big deal because that’s been the one plan that, you know, has been an issue for folks where maybe they wanted to be on REPAYE for whatever reason, it was the cheaper payment option for them. But it requires you to include spousal income. The revised REPAYE plan that could be coming out is going to operate like PAYE, IBR, and ICR. So, that is a big advantage because it allows folks to have that benefit and, you know, have all the other benefits that come along with this new REPAYE plan.

Consider What’s Best for You

38:31 Emily: Yeah, thank you so much for that clarification. Is there anything else that we should know about the new proposed REPAYE plan?

38:40 Meagan: So, one just word of caution is I think if this plan does get approved, I hope it does, I think it could be a really great option for a lot of people, but I know it’s going to be positioned or it’s going to be talked about as if it is the best plan for anybody. That is not necessarily the case. So, what I mean by that is we talked about how it could make an income-driven payment a lot less. It could allow you to exclude spousal income. It could have a 100% interest subsidy. So, there are a lot of benefits to it. But one big downside is if you have graduate school loans, it is a 25-year timeline to forgiveness. That is five extra years of repayment compared to the existing pay as you earn plan and the new IBR plan.

39:34 Meagan: So, that’s something that really needs to be weighed because if they come out with this new plan, they do plan on phasing out pay as you earn, which is the 20-year timeline. They still would have new IBR, but to be eligible for that plan you couldn’t have borrowed before July of 2014. So, it’s limited to newer borrowers. So, if you’re someone who borrowed before 2014 and you value maybe being done with your loans or being done with forgiveness in 20 years instead of 25, then the new modified REPAYE plan, even though it’s cheaper, like maybe a little bit cheaper per month, that may not outweigh the extra five years of repayment. So, that’s something to just be aware of is it may not be the best plan for everybody. So, it still warrants some careful consideration.

40:28 Emily: Yes. Thank you so much for adding that. And I’ve grown a new appreciation for your profession from listening closely to the Student Loan Planner podcast over the last handful of months because there are so many more complexities that I, even as sort of a person in the financial space, but not really, you know, following student loans really closely. There are so many more complexities that I was not aware of. And so I say for anybody for whom your student loan repayment is a very high stakes decision. A lot of money involved, a lot of income, a lot of debt, I really think going for a plan from you all or from a similar organization is going to pay off. Like for some people, I know there have been examples on the podcast where people were not aware of some of the forgiveness options available to them, and they are forgiven hundreds of thousands of dollars that they would not have otherwise been able to do. Now, if you have $10,000 of student loans, this is not necessarily a high stakes decision for you, but really if it is a high stakes decision for you, it’s worth getting a professional to advise you on this. So, that’s my little plug for you all for Student Loan Planner, mid-podcast.

41:33 Meagan: Thank you.

Changes to Rule of Thumb

41:33 Emily: So, having gone through the, you know, many of the terms of this modified REPAYE plan, is there someone for whom this makes a lot of sense? How has the rule of thumb that we discussed earlier been updated with this new plan as an option?

41:47 Meagan: Mm-Hmm. <affirmative>? Yep. If you’re someone who’s working towards PSLF, this rule of thumb will be different for you. So, keep that in mind. There are greater chances of you being eligible for PSLF, it making sense to go towards PSLF, even with smaller balances. So, this would be more of a rule of thumb for those that are not doing PSLF but are interested in the longer-term forgiveness. Previously, our rule of thumb was if your balance was two times your income, then forgiveness is definitely going to mathematically make more sense than trying to pay the loans off. Then we had the COVID forbearance happen, and 0% interest for a long time and we started to get a little more conservative with that number and saying maybe it’s like one and a half times your income because the federal student loan system is kind of interesting right now. We don’t know what’s going to happen <laugh>, they have a lot of flexibility to, you know, make student loan repayment better.

42:48 Meagan: And now, with this new revised REPAYE plan proposal, we’re starting to think that it could be, if your balance is around the same as your income, especially if you have a large household, if you have, you know, a couple kids and you’re married, then pursuing longer-term forgiveness might actually make more sense even if your balance is about the same or just barely above your income. So, it’s worth checking out, don’t write it off until you run the numbers. And then you can weigh the pros and cons of going both routes, but certainly don’t write it off before you take a look at it if you’re kind of in those balance ranges.

43:27 Emily: Okay, so quick restatement is if your income, and now right now we’re talking about your career income, we’re not talking about your grad student stipend.

43:35 Meagan: Yeah, correct.

43:35 Emily: Not even necessarily your postdoc salary, but your career income is, let’s say in the first year that you have that quote unquote real job. If it is around or less than your student loan balance at that time, that’s when you should be taking a look at this plan and possibly some of the other plans as well, depending on those ratios. If your income far exceeds your loan balance, mm, probably the standard plan most likely is going to be good for you.

44:00 Meagan: Yeah.

Should Current Students Consider this Plan?

44:01 Emily: Okay. Now we’re going to get into what I think is the super, super interesting part of this interview. Because so far, we’ve been learning about this modified REPAYE program generally, but what nobody is talking about <laugh> is what should current students do? Should current students be considering this plan?

44:22 Emily: Nobody’s talking about this. So I want to know, and we have a few different ways of asking this question. So basically, what I’m talking about is for people for whom deferment is an option, should they instead, what are the advantages of perhaps enrolling in this new proposed REPAYE plan versus sticking in deferment? And so obviously there are going to be different considerations for different people. So, we’re going to talk through a few of these different scenarios. Let’s talk first about someone, let’s say either a single person or someone with a family, but their income is lower than that 225% of the federal poverty line that we talked about earlier. Now we’re not giving advice because this is a podcast <laugh>. What are the thoughts about someone who has that level of income?

45:03 Meagan: Yep. So, thoughts there are that if you were to enter the new revised REPAYE plan, your payment could be as little as $0 a month. So, and that that is a legitimate income-driven payment. It counts towards the forgiveness timeline. If you were full-time, you know, working 30 hours or more a week, that could be an eligibility for public service loan forgiveness as well. So, that’s good as far as getting you on track for loan forgiveness and kind of getting free credit in a way. But what’s also good to consider is if maybe you’re unsure about loan forgiveness, you’re not too sure if that’s going to be the path for you, this could still make sense to get on the new REPAYE plan because it’s going to have that 100% interest subsidy. So, instead of your balance growing while you’re, you know, finishing this time period, this training period, it will be staying at the existing balance that it is today.

46:04 Meagan: So, let’s say you decide five years from now, 10 years from now, you know, forgiveness wasn’t going to be the route. Well, if you were on REPAYE all through this training period, even with your income being really low, your payment being zero, you’re paying back what you owe today. You know, the current principle and interest versus paying back what has accrued on that balance. Because the unsubsidized loans will be accruing while you’re in deferment. And so that just means interest is growing on your balance. So that’s a significant reason to consider going into this this new REPAYE plan if compared to going into deferment.

46:46 Emily: Yeah. So, let’s tease out the different types of loans you might have now. If you had subsidized loans, let’s say a hundred percent of your loans were subsidized, the advantage of going into this particular repayment, as I understand, would be then that you, and again in this scenario, we’re not making a payment because the income is low. You’re not making a payment, but you are accruing months and years under this repayment plan. So if you do end up choosing to go an IDR route and going the whole forgiveness plan, you have many more years that you’ve been in repayment even though you’re making that $0 payment. And there’s no advantage either way with the interest because it was going to be subsidized anyway. Now, if you had unsubsidized loans, throwing that into the mix, if you choose deferment, those loans are accruing interest. But if you choose this modified REPAYE plan, and again, your income is below this threshold level, you’re paying zero, which means that effectively your loans have become a hundred percent subsidized during that period of time. It looks like a for sure advantage for someone who holds unsubsidized loans and somewhat of an advantage for someone even with subsidized loans.

47:52 Meagan: Mm-Hmm. <affirmative>. Yeah, there’s an advantage either way. And it, you know, this new REPAYE plan makes deferment look very unattractive for a lot of reasons. There’s not a lot of advantage to deferment anymore. And even if you had a payment kick in, keep in mind, it’s a portion of your income. So, you gave me a good example before we had started this on, you know, maybe at most someone’s getting a stipend of about $45,000.

48:23 Emily: That’s real high-end people. Really outside.

48:27 Meagan: <Laugh>. So, we’ll go with like the highest number, which will give us the worst-case scenario payment-wise for this new REPAYE. That would be about 90 bucks, a hundred bucks a month. So, not too bad. And if you’re closer to let’s say 35, you know, $35,000 for your stipend, that’d be closer to maybe almost $10, $20 a month. So like, there’s less of a reason now to go into deferment. Because usually the first kickback I’ll get for that is, well, you know, I cannot afford a payment. I think you can afford $10 a month <laugh>, if it’s going to save you this amount of interest later, I think you can afford $10 a month or zero. Everyone can afford $0 a month <laugh>.

49:12 Emily: Right. So, if you’re under that 225% of the federal poverty level, it’s like, okay, your payment was going to be zero anyway. Awesome. If you’re above it, as you said, generally speaking for grad students, it’s only going to be slightly above. And if we’re talking about undergrad loans, let alone, that’s only 5% of your discretionary income for the calculation. And so, it could be just a few dollars, as you said, a few dollars, $10, $20, $50 if you had a particularly high income a month. And so, really in that case you’re making these small payments, but what you’re gaining is the interest subsidy on the remaining amount of interest that’s accruing each month and those years of payment towards this IDR plan. Is that right?

49:48 Meagan: Mm-Hmm. <Affirmative>, yes.

49:50 Emily: So, you can think about it as paying this small cost for those particular benefits. Now if you didn’t think for whatever reason that that was an advantage for you, maybe your loans are all subsidized, for example, whatever the case may be. Maybe you don’t think that small payment is worthwhile, but it is something to at least think about and consider and not just default into deferment as we have done for so many years in the past. Thank you so much for stating that.

Can You Be in Repayment and Still Taking Out Loans?

50:14 Emily: And then let’s think also about someone who, because this question might come up. So what about graduate students who think that there’s a possibility that they may be taking student loans out at some point during their graduate degree? Either they know they’re going to for sure, or do they think, “Oh wow, this is a possibility if x, y, z happens, I may take out a loan.” Is it even possible to be in repayment and still taking out student loans? How does this work?

50:39 Meagan: It is not. Yes and no. So, it depends. It always depends. But if you’re taking out loans for your current graduate degree, those loans in particular that are associated with that graduate degree cannot go into repayment until post-graduation. Your undergraduate loans can be. They can go into repayment. They can take advantage of maybe this interest subsidy or the forgiveness clock getting started. But loans for your current degree cannot. So, that’s one maybe downside for those who are borrowing.

51:12 Emily: Okay. So, let me restate. So, let’s say we have a current graduate student. The loans that they took out for their undergraduate degree could go into repayment if they want them to, or they can choose the deferment route.

51:21 Meagan: Mm-Hmm. <affirmative>.

51:22 Meagan: Loans from a previous graduate degree, maybe a master’s program, same deal. But any loans that are being taken out for the PhD program, let’s say that they’re currently in, those have to stay in deferment for the time being, until that degree is done? Yeah.

51:37 Meagan: Correct. Mm-Hmm. <affirmative>. Yep. You got it.

51:39 Emily: Excellent. So we talked earlier, Meagan, about how, you know, this is still <laugh> a little bit tenuous and so forth. How likely is it do you think that this is going to come into effect as stated? Or do you think there are going to be edits that we’re looking at over the coming months?

51:55 Meagan: I don’t think there are going to be a lot of edits. I do think this is very probable. So, I do think that they’re going to be implementing this. If there are any proposed changes, I don’t think they’re going to be to these big ticket items that we’ve already discussed. I think they would be like really minute changes. But stay tuned. We will keep people posted <Laugh>.

52:15 Emily: Absolutely. Again, follow Student Loan Planner anywhere you like. Especially their newsletter, their podcast. Meagan, thank you so much for sharing your knowledge with us. I knew I could not get this information from anyone else, so I’m so glad that you were able to come on the podcast. Thank you so much!

52:31 Meagan: Of course. Thanks for having me and letting me nerd out as usual, <laugh>!

52:35 Emily: Excellent.

Outtro

52:41 Emily: Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by Lourdes Bobbio and show notes creation by Meryem Ok.

This PhD’s Social Mission Pulled Her from Academia into Entrepreneurship

March 20, 2023 by Meryem Ok Leave a Comment

In this episode, Emily interviews Dr. Rasheda Weaver, the founder of the Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory. Rasheda studied and taught social entrepreneurship as a graduate student and faculty member and along the way launched her own social enterprise out of her research and work with social entrepreneurs. As her business grew, she felt pulled toward full-time entrepreneurship and eventually left her faculty position. Rasheda and Emily discuss the financial steps that Rasheda took while still in her full-time job to give herself runway when she went full-time in her business, including opportunities uniquely available inside academia. Rasheda describes her weekly schedule in detail and how much time and money she allows herself to invest in physical and mental health and her growing business. If you are passionate about a social cause, don’t miss this interview—even if you’re not currently pursuing or planning to pursue entrepreneurship!

Links Mentioned in the Episode

  • PF for PhDs Community
  • PF for PhDs S14E6 Show Notes
  • Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory
  • Social Entrepreneurship: A Practical Introduction (Book by Rasheda Weaver)
  • Ready, Set, Launch: Social Enterprise Bootcamp
  • Smart Women Finish Rich (Book by David Bach)
  • The Latte Factor (Book by David Bach)
  • The Psychology of Money (Book by Morgan Housel)
  • PF for PhDs Tax Center
  • The Product Boss
  • Dr. Rasheda Weaver’s Website
  • Rasheda Weaver Instagram (@rashedaweaver_phd)
  • PF for PhDs Subscribe to Mailing List (Access Advice Document)
  • PF for PhDs Podcast Hub (Show Notes)
S14E6 image: This PhD's Social Mission Pulled Her from Academia into Entrepreneurship

Teaser

00:00 Rasheda: It was just like everything just started to come to a head because I started getting a lot of speaking engagement opportunities that were paying thousands of dollars. And then the Bootcamp was doing well and then, you know, it was just all these different things happening, and I was teaching four classes as an academic. I just felt like I was being pulled in a lot of directions, and I could still do the teaching that I was doing in the classroom for Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory. It’s just a different format. Sometimes it’s online, sometimes it’s in person, but it’s the same thing with a lot less stress.

Introduction

00:34 Emily: Welcome to the Personal Finance for PhDs Podcast: A Higher Education in Personal Finance. I’m your host, Dr. Emily Roberts, a financial educator specializing in early-career PhDs and founder of Personal Finance for PhDs. This podcast is for PhDs and PhDs-to-be who want to explore the hidden curriculum of finances to learn the best practices for money management, career advancement, and advocacy for yourself and others. This is Season 14, Episode 6, and today my guest is Dr. Rasheda Weaver, the founder of the Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory. Rasheda studied and taught social entrepreneurship as a graduate student and faculty member and along the way launched her own social enterprise out of her research and work with social entrepreneurs. As her business grew, she felt pulled toward full-time entrepreneurship and eventually left her faculty position. Rasheda and I discuss the financial steps that Rasheda took while still in her full-time job to give herself runway when she went full-time in her business, including opportunities uniquely available inside academia. Rasheda describes her weekly schedule in detail and how much time and money she allows herself to invest in physical and mental health and her growing business. If you are passionate about a social cause, don’t miss this interview—even if you’re not currently pursuing or planning to pursue entrepreneurship!

02:00 Emily: We’re within one month of the deadline to file your annual tax return, pay your quarter 1 2023 estimated tax, and finish contributing to your 2022 Roth IRA. If you want some help with two or more of those actions, this is a perfect time to consider joining the Personal Finance for PhDs Community at PFforPhDs.community. Within just your first month of membership, you can take my tax return preparation workshop and estimated tax workshop, complete the Open Your First IRA Challenge, and attend our next general discussion and Q&A call to ask your questions directly to me on April 11, 2023. This can be the month that you really get on top of your finances! Again, go to PFforPhDs.community to check out all that you gain access to with the membership… and join us today! You can find the show notes for this episode at PFforPhDs.com/s14e6/. Without further ado, here’s my interview with Dr. Rasheda Weaver.

Will You Please Introduce Yourself Further?

03:12 Emily: I am delighted to have joining me on the podcast today, Dr. Rasheda Weaver. She is the founder, creator, owner, CEO of the Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory. She’s also a former faculty member. So Rasheda, thank you so much for joining me on the podcast today. And would you please introduce yourself a little bit further for the audience?

03:30 Rasheda: Yes, it’s my pleasure to join you. Thank you Dr. Roberts for having me! And so my name once again, Dr. Rasheda L. Weaver. And I’m currently the founder and CEO of Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory that I also call WSED. And I’ve been a faculty member for over five years and have taught over 1,000 students globally. I started my career at the University of Vermont in Burlington, Vermont as an assistant professor of community entrepreneurship. And most recently I worked for Iona College for the last four years. And I was their first assistant professor of entrepreneurship and innovation at their Hynes Institute. And that was started with the 15 million grant in 2017. And so I came on and literally I was the only faculty member, so I helped build the teaching, the research, and the whole service programming.

04:15 Emily: Fantastic! And so, our kind of topic today is your journey from academia into entrepreneurship, but it’s so interesting because it’s like your academic topic of social entrepreneurship is also like you’re living it, right? So it’s like a meta thing going on here.

04:29 Rasheda: Absolutely.

Defining Social Entrepreneurship

04:29 Emily: So, can you tell us a little bit more about like what is social entrepreneurship and why do you think that grad students and PhDs should understand this and explore it?

04:38 Rasheda: Yes. So, social entrepreneurship is a process of using business to combat social problems, societal issues like hunger, poverty, inequality, disease. Any kind of major social issue. And it’s really organizations that, a social enterprise is an organization and it can be a nonprofit organization or for-profit, but we’re often seeing a combination of both. So, somebody has a for-profit business that they use to make all this money, and then a nonprofit that they use to funnel the money into different charities or social causes and things like that. And so, I’ve been studying this. It’s a new field, so it’s been around for 40 to 50 years. And my book, Social Entrepreneurship: A Practical Introduction, actually comes out December 15th, 2022. And it’s called a Practical Introduction because the majority of the world does not know this term. And it’s really important for graduate students and PhDs, in particular, to know this term because many of us already, if not all of us, have a social issue that we’re very passionate about.

05:39 Rasheda: That’s why many of us become social scientists like the both of us. And when you understand how, you know, entrepreneurship can be utilized to fulfill the same goals that you’re trying to fulfill in as a PhD, but you could actually sustain yourself with it, I think that’s just very, very important for PhDs to understand and graduate students. It also provides an alternative career path for academics that maybe want to pursue entrepreneurship or have a different kind of vision for what they envision their career to be like, or what they envision life to be like. And I’ll talk about that a lot today. And you know, social entrepreneurship just paves the way for us to do that.

06:21 Emily: I’m actually struggling to think of an example of a PhD who maybe would want to start a business where it wasn’t socially motivated, almost like can almost anything fall under this umbrella?

06:33 Rasheda: Yes. But it would have to be positive social change. Because I always say that social change, you know a riot can be social change <laugh>, but it has to be positive, something that uplifts community advances, human and community development. So I would say the majority, if not all PhDs are already working towards some kind of societal change anyway.

Do Solopreneurs Count?

06:53 Emily: Yeah. I’m thinking of myself now. And certainly there’s a, I want to better the lives of graduate students and postdocs and PhDs as like part of the mission for like my business. So, I’m actually wondering a little bit more about the entrepreneurship term within social entrepreneurship. Do I count as like a solopreneur single-person business? Or is it only like enterprises?

07:14 Rasheda: You do! You most definitely count and especially because your mission is to, you know, improve the financial well-being, essentially, of PhDs. And that is very important I think as a PhD, I understand the importance of that, but I think maybe the majority of people might not understand it. But what you’re doing is you’re helping people that are literally contributing to society in a positive manner. Literally building generations upon generations of, you know, future professionals and leaders for our world. And you’re saying let’s take care of yourself financially because finances affect our holistic well-being. It just does.

Starting Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory

07:52 Emily: Absolutely. That’s how I think about the mission of like I and what I do on the financial side of things. It’s like supporting and bolstering and helping all these individual PhDs with all of their dreams and their missions for how to better our world because, and they’re so talented and I just want them to be able to do their work and contribute and like, and of course, the finances being part of that is something that can enable them to, you know, live those dreams out and yeah. So, that’s <laugh> my motivation for being here. Let’s talk a little bit more about your business and how and when did you start that?

08:25 Rasheda: Yeah, so I started Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory in 2018, 1 year after finishing my dissertation. So, my dissertation was the first large-scale study in the United States of social enterprise business models. So, their social mission, how they make money, and what legal structure they incorporate under, so the perfect way to help you design a social enterprise. And I found all this data, and I had literally mapped 1,200 social enterprises across the United States. And so I said, well, this information should be public. And I first just started it as a public database. And so, it’s sort of like an accident that happened that turned out to be now my full-time career because I made the database public. But then I realized in order to have this website and to have the URL and to own the domain and all that, I have to finance that and I was doing it out of my pocket.

09:12 Rasheda: So, I started selling the database in order to cover those expenses. And then once I started seeing what was happening with the people that were using the database, like they’re starting companies that are helping them make six-figure salaries. And I was like, “Wow, okay. Like, I didn’t know that could happen.” And then, so I started doing more, but then other people, entrepreneurs started reaching out to me and saying, “Well, we’re social entrepreneurs. We really need to learn how to make money. Like the database is wonderful.” And that was great for academics and people that know how to use like email databases for business. But the average entrepreneur wanted to know how can I help them with their finances? How can I help them design a social impact model that enables them to maximize the impact they’re having on their local communities? And so, I developed the Ready, Set, Launch Social Enterprise Bootcamp during the pandemic actually because people started reaching out to me. And that’s a five-day online bootcamp. It’ll be in person in 2023. We’re doing it in Italy, but it’s a five-day bootcamp that literally trains entrepreneurs how to design organizations with a strong financial mission as well as a strong social mission.

10:19 Emily: I love to see that progression over those years of like, you turned your dissertation into something useful for the broader community outside of academia. And then you listened to the people who were using it and understood what their needs were and understood how you could take one more step to fulfill those, and then you did it again, and so forth. And I’m sure you’ll keep iterating that way.

10:39 Rasheda: I’m doing it again now with the coaching <Laugh>.

10:41 Emily: Yes, exactly.

10:43 Rasheda: Because after people have taken the Bootcamp, they’re like, well, well some of them just missed me because they missed the Bootcamp. It’s a really good environment, and someone to do coaching. But now they’re asking for a longer program, which is like a monthly training program where entrepreneurs can meet with me and I’ll help them throughout the month and we figure out one task that they’re working on and we’ll work on this throughout the month. Month two, we do another task. And so, they’re coming to me with these issues that they’re having as entrepreneurs, and I’m just delivering solutions, essentially. Which is what social entrepreneurs do. We deliver solutions to social problems,

Transitioning from Faculty to Full-Time Entrepreneur

11:15 Emily: This sounds like so seamless to me <laugh>. But you had another job when you started this. Like, I can feel that like this business was pulling you, “Oh, you can see how your work is being applied and helping all these people and this is wonderful,” but you still had this other job. So like, how did you make this transition, especially financially, from being a faculty member and having this side business to doing the business full-time?

11:37 Rasheda: Yeah, I love that you used the word pulling, because it really was. Because I would be in the classroom and I can see the impact that I’m having on students in the classroom and I love that as well. But at the same time, I remember in spring 2022, it was just like everything just started to come to a head because I started getting a lot of speaking engagement opportunities that were paying thousands of dollars. And then the Bootcamp was doing well and then, you know, it was just all these different things happening. And I was teaching four classes as an academic and then the grading and you know, I love teaching classes, but there’s so much more to academia and the service and being the only faculty member for my institute. I just felt like I was being pulled in a lot of directions, and I could still do the teaching that I was doing in the classroom for Social Enterprise Directory, which is, I’m doing the same thing, it’s just a different format.

12:27 Rasheda: Sometimes it’s online, sometimes it’s in person, but it’s the same thing with a lot less stress. And so, it really was sort of pulling me and then I think, you know the pandemic inspired me to also just like think about life a lot differently. Like, what do I genuinely want? I want peace, I want relaxation, I want financial prosperity. When the pandemic hit, I started saving money like a crazy person. Like I’m like, I don’t know if this is going to be like the next Great Depression. And so, I went from saving like $600 from my paycheck to $800 to sometimes a thousand dollars per paycheck. Just in case something were to happen to my job and I needed to do entrepreneurship full-time. And I started just dreaming a bit more. But then when I realized that, you know, what the pandemic allowed me to do and the pulling that was happening to me at the same time, it just allowed me to sort of push me into maybe what’s really my destiny. Because I always actually wanted to be an entrepreneur. And I went into academia hoping to do more research. And like I said, I was teaching four classes, so there’s not a lot of research happening there. I was still able to maintain it, but I was losing myself as an individual in the process.

13:36 Emily: Yeah. Wow. Okay. I actually want to back up a tiny bit and like, before you left your full-time position, you know, we’re in the midst of the pandemic, so it’s a strange time already. You mentioned you upped your savings because you were concerned about financial security as so many people were at that time and still are <laugh>. So, were there any other steps that you feel like are worth mentioning in terms of how you really got the business off the ground in scaling up and so forth that you did financially while you still had your full-time job?

14:04 Rasheda: Oh yes. A lot of this happened during my first year on the tenure track when I was at the University of Vermont. So, they had a really great startup package and well, I was able to negotiate that, so you have to negotiate your startup package. I think you should be very, very strategic about how you do that. And I negotiated one that was very you know, it just directly aligned with me taking steps to further my dissertation research. And I planned a whole social enterprise day party where I invited scholars and social entrepreneurs from all around the country to come help celebrate the introduction of Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory. Not at that time realizing that it would’ve been a business idea, just an output of my research and a resource to my field. And I think that’s so, so important because we’re not just academics.

14:49 Rasheda: We are a part of a whole entire field as academics and that we can contribute in so many more ways than we realize. And so, I never just thought of myself as, you know, I’m going to use this startup package and it’s just going to fund what I do at the University of Vermont. I thought about it in terms of the bigger field overall. Because this is a journey, a life journey, and I’m committed to the field for life essentially. Also, one thing I took advantage of different funding opportunities. So, a lot of campuses now will actually have entrepreneurship funding for faculty. And I’m seeing this more and more. And University of Vermont had developed a program like that. And so, I was able to literally use some of that funding to commercialize Weaver’s Social Enterprise Directory.

15:34 Emily: That’s fantastic! And definitely, I mean it’s so great to think about academia as like an incubator. I mean, sometimes it’s literally they have like incubators for small businesses, but you were able to use your position as a faculty member and your access to these resources to sort of incubate your own business. And I love what you’re saying about like the continuity here between yourself, your business. Like you weren’t thinking of yourself as just a faculty member, you’re thinking about yourself as a contributor to this field and you’re still doing that. It’s just, you have a slightly different title in the way that you’re doing it. And so, it does make sense to me that investing in you and your business is still in alignment with that phase of what you were doing inside academia. Does that make sense?

16:17 Rasheda: Absolutely. Yeah.

16:18 Emily: Yeah. So, I still see alignment there. Is there anything else that you want to share with us? You know, we’re talking about these steps that you took prior to leaving your full-time job. Anything else you want to share with us about this transition from full-time academia with the side business to that full-time business owner?

Understanding Root Causes of Issues

16:34 Rasheda: Absolutely. I think one of the things that all PhDs have in common is that we are really adept at studying the root causes of why issues occur, right? We’re studying, in order to do our dissertation, we have to look at the history of the problem that we’re trying to address in our dissertation or the question that we’re trying to answer. That is the same thing all entrepreneurs do, social or not. Because they have to find a problem, and they have to develop a solution. But what PhDs do differently is, we find the deep root cause and the history of that problem. And because we’ve done that, once you’re trained in entrepreneurship, you can see the holes that exist in the market and you can fill them. All you need is entrepreneurial training to fill them. Because you already have the understanding of the problem, you have a better understanding than the majority of the planet has. And so, I just want to empower you to really understand that.

17:24 Emily: Mm-Hmm. <Affirmative>. And can you talk a little bit more about how that applied to your business and your journey?

17:29 Rasheda: Yes, because I could see those problems so clearly, and I always saw, you know, entrepreneurship, it’s not like the field of psychology, for example, where psychology is the mind. It’s something that you can’t really touch. I’m working with entrepreneurs, or nonprofit organizations, or any organization. And so, my work directly has an impact on someone else. And so, I can work with them and I can learn from them and talk to them and apply my work to them. And because I can do that, what it’s taught me was how do I communicate with those people? Not just communicate with journals, not just communicate with the research audience, but how do I communicate? Like I started doing policy briefs through the Scholar Strategy Network, an organization that any PhD can join. And so, they talk to civic groups, they teach, they train you in how to talk to policymakers. So, I literally started doing that and getting my work out into the community. So, that’s how, actually, social entrepreneurs found me <laugh> because they saw my work in newspapers and in policy briefs and in magazines and on YouTube. And they found me and said, “Well, we like that you’re doing this, but this is what we need.” And so, I was able to then develop the solutions for them.

Scheduling Paid and Unpaid Business Work

18:36 Emily: This is reminding me of a need that I’ve sort of started sensing in my own business and for myself which is that I want to do more advocacy work. And I am now trying to see how I can set up my business so that I have time in my schedule to do advocacy work that is not necessarily going to be paid. I’m anticipating that being unpaid, but I still think it’s an important part of like my mission. So how, and I think as like sometimes I feel a little, I don’t know if you ever do as well, jealous of people who have like a salary <laugh>, like a full-time position where like maybe they can take some time to do things that are definitely unpaid on their own because they have this holistic sort of safety net for themselves within their salary.

19:20 Emily: And I’m sort of thinking to myself, how do I do that for me within my business? How do I cover, you know, 20% of my time that’s going to be unpaid by the 80% that I have for paid work? Or whatever the case. And so yeah, I’m just, I think that you are demonstrating how you did this as well, right? Starting as a faculty member. And you’re probably still doing it now as an entrepreneur, right? So like, preserve time within your schedule for things that are going to be unpaid because they further the overall mission of the business slash your own life mission as it relates to work.

19:50 Rasheda: I’m so happy you asked me this question, it actually skips to another question that you had when you gave me the outline. But I dedicate now two days a week just to learning how to make money. So, learning about how to make money and how to grow money. How do I advance multiple, so if you see my vision board from January, 2022, it has all the different streams of income that I have coming in. And so, what I’m doing now that I don’t have a full-time position is I’m using those two days to just figure out how do I multiply the streams of income that I already have. Because if I didn’t, if I hadn’t done that, it would’ve been very hard to leave my job. And so, when things started, you know, getting chaotic and I decided this is not the route that I want to take, and actually if I do go back to academia, it has to be a position that I love and I’m going to thrive in.

20:39 Rasheda: It’s not going to just be any position. I’m not going to just take any job. And so, I wanted to set myself up for success in order to make that a reality. And the reality of doing that is having a solid financial base. And so, literally, taking Mondays and Wednesdays, the same days I had off in academia, because I worked on Tuesdays and Thursdays, so I kept those same days. Those are when I do my business stuff, create products, promote things. But Mondays and Wednesdays I’m reading books on estate planning, on investing profit first. You know, I’m reading Smart Women Finish Rich by David Bach and The Latte Factor, all those different things, just learning how to make money because, here’s the truth. And I love this book, The Psychology of Money, that I just finished reading the other day.

21:24 Rasheda: You cannot always, when you’re working for somebody else, there’s a cap on how much you can make. In entrepreneurship, there is no cap. You can make a limitless amount of money. So, what your job as an entrepreneur to do, and this is what I teach in my Bootcamp, you have to figure out how you can get to limitless <laugh>. You know what I mean? And so, there’s a lot of investment that happens. And like, with me putting aside an emergency fund for these couple of years, what I was doing with that was saying, “I’m buying myself time just to learn.” And that is something I talk about a lot in my book. I talk about patient capital. My emergency fund gave me patient capital as opposed to waiting for somebody else to give it to me. I decided to take this time, I gave myself a whole year. We’re just going to learn, and we’re going to implement things. We’re going to test them over time, and we’re going to make certain investments. Like I invested in a book marketing company because if I want to sell books, that’s, you know, being strategic about those investments. And so, yeah.

22:23 Emily: This is something that I did not understand very well when I started my business. I was so focused on making money immediately, that I didn’t give myself the runway that you did and all these wonderful steps you’ve been taking. And I hope the listeners are taking notes about this. I didn’t do the investment in myself and growing in all these like entrepreneurial sort of related ways that you’ve just been discussing. It took me years into this journey before I started making those investments. And then obviously seeing like the returns from it. But it’s just something that now when I talk with other sort of budding like solopreneurs or people who are interested in my journey, I tell them like, be taught either like in a community or buy a coach, or read books. Like you have to make the investment in yourself, like you said, to be able to grow to that level. Because if you stay stuck in the cycle of like, I have to, you know, have 35 billable hours per week to like make my, you know, the nut that I need to survive on, that’s not any way to grow into the future. You may be able to survive on that, but it’s not a path to growth within your business. So, I’m so glad that you said that. It’s such an important message.

Commercial

23:37 Emily: Emily here for a brief interlude! Tax season is in full swing, and the best place to go for information tailored to you as a grad student, postdoc, or postbac is PFforPhDs.com/tax/. From that page I have linked to all of my tax resources, many of which I have updated for tax year 2022. On that page you will find free podcast episodes, videos, and articles on all kinds of tax topics relevant to PhDs. There are also opportunities to join the Personal Finance for PhDs mailing list to receive PDF summaries and spreadsheets that you can work with. The absolute most comprehensive and highest quality resources, however, are my asynchronous tax workshops. I’m offering four tax return preparation workshops for tax year 2022, one each for grad students who are U.S. citizens or residents, postdocs who are U.S. citizens or residents, postbacs who are U.S. citizens or residents, and grad students and postdocs who are nonresidents. Those tax return preparation workshops are in addition to my estimated tax workshop for grad student, postdoc, and postbac fellows who are U.S. citizens or residents.

24:52 Emily: My preferred method for enrolling you in one of these workshops is to find a sponsor at your university or institute. Typically, that sponsor is a graduate school, graduate student association, postdoc office, postdoc association, or an individual school or department. I would very much appreciate you recommending one or more of these workshops to a potential sponsor. If that doesn’t work out, I do sell these workshops to individuals, but I think it’s always worth trying to get it into your hands for free or a subsidized cost. Again, you can find all of these free and paid resources, including a page you can send to a potential workshop sponsor, linked from PFforPhDs.com/tax/. Now back to the interview.

Investing in Yourself and in Your Business

25:37 Emily: Can you give any other examples of how you’ve been doing this investing in yourself slash in your business for present and future growth?

25:47 Rasheda: Absolutely. So, I always say you need time and space for creativity. And so, I have the days, the two days where I’m working on just learning and learning how to invest and then implementing that and then the two days where I’m working and then Fridays are my self-care day. So, I invested in a health coach because I need to be healthy to make great decisions. Like, I’m so serious about this, like I literally eat blueberries because it’s good for your memory and as an academic you need to have a good memory <laugh>. So, that’s how serious I am. You need to have carrots, I hate carrots, but you have to eat carrots because they give you good eyesight and we need things like that in order to read. So, that’s like how serious I am. And I hired a health coach, not because, because I also have a ton of health books, not because I need someone to you know, I can’t do this myself, but you do need accountability.

26:30 Rasheda: You do need guidance. And so, one of my friends, for example, she runs a company called, an eight-figure company, called The Product Boss, where she trains females that have a product to turn their businesses into six- and seven-figure businesses. And so, I started investing in, I appeared on her podcast and then I invested in her social media kit because you can always learn something from someone else. So, I’m investing in myself in a variety of different ways, and I set aside two years. Year one, we’re going to learn a lot and we’re going to implement, we’re going to test and see what works and we’re going to track it, because we’re academics and we’re good at tracking things. And then in year two, I should start to see the flourishing. I’m already seeing the revenue coming in, but I’m reinvesting that into growing the organization.

27:16 Rasheda: And so, when I make a sale, I’m not thinking, “Oh, let me get excited and just sell this.” I do treat myself, but I also you know, I call it being scrappy. Like I started shopping less at Whole Foods and started shopping more at Trader Joe’s and having a budget around those things so I can invest more in my business because one day I’ll be able to make a lot of money and it won’t even matter if I spent, you know, do you know what I mean? Like it’s short-term sacrifices for long-term gain, deferred gratification. And that is what we’ve all done in our PhD programs, but now we have to apply it to entrepreneurship.

27:50 Emily: That’s such a great point of, I sometimes think about the sort of, I guess personality or characteristics that you develop in the course of doing a PhD that are going to very well apply to, it could be your career that’s more conventional afterwards or if it’s entrepreneurship. It’s such a proving ground and you’re going to learn a lot and you’re going to be different when you come out from the PhD. And those skills, those soft skills as well as hard skills can be applied in so many different ways. Now, just because you are on the topic of like your weekly schedule and so forth and I love hearing that rhythm. Can you share with us anything more about how your life looks today and how it’s similar or different from your life as a faculty member?

28:30 Rasheda: I think the most important thing that I noticed, like I feel so good, and like I’m healthier. I’m just not stressed. <Laugh> I don’t have that stress on me and being in academia can be very toxic, and we all know that. Anyone that has a PhD knows that, because we went through a toxic experience getting it. And it was a beautiful experience because it allowed us to become who we are today, but it has severe psychological and physical and medical effects on you. And I think the most important thing that I’m seeing now. And also I think the most important thing I did was be honest about that. Because that’s another reason why I had to get a health coach, right? So, going through this and it’s a holistic health coach as well, so I can talk to her about these things.

29:12 Rasheda: Like yes, I was under a ton of stress last year. How do I heal my body from that stress? You know? So just taking walks in nature, drinking bone broth, like little things like that. And I just, I dedicate less time to work. I don’t work more, I work smarter. I work not harder. I work smarter. It’s like I said, learning how to make more money. Scheduling. I’m having two days for a week where I’m doing deep work in my business and allowing that to just sit so I don’t stress myself out, because understanding that stress isn’t going to help me. And then spending more time with my kids and doing things that I love, like doing art and I want to get back into dancing again. That’s one of the things that, but I have to find somebody that does dancing classes of the day. That’s the hardest thing <laugh>. But things like that. And just making sure I just take care of myself and do things that I love. I think that’s very important.

Time Management and Slow FI Movement

30:02 Emily: I’m a little curious about your time management right now, because I can already see you’ve blocked off what I’ve learned are called theme days, like you said. You know, you have your days of investment in yourself and your business and you have your days of producing you know, saleable work, and you have your day for health and so forth. I wonder, are you tracking your hours and almost like do you see actually even a distinction between the hours you spend working and the hours in your personal life? Or are they all, like the investment in yourself could go either way, right? I don’t know. What do you think about this?

30:33 Rasheda: I do think, I do track my hours now. I had to learn to say no. Like if I can’t, so when my kids get home around 2:30, I just, I can’t work with them home. It becomes stressful. That makes me stressed out and so I have to do everything before two. And so, yeah, in a way it’s like a limit to my hours and I do everything between 10 and two because making time for yoga in the morning <laugh> and making time to take a walk around the blocks, I can get fresh air. That’s just become really, really important. And that’s the beauty of entrepreneurship is that I can choose to do that. And so, once again, I might be making a little less money now. Because here’s the truth, with the kind of organization that I’m running, I literally could make [inaudible] in a year.

31:18 Rasheda: Like, I’ve literally done the math, I’ve started working with government officials and all these things, but I don’t need to do that right now. I need to get my health on track and my family and have a great familial and health foundation so that I can grow later. So, I’m making the sacrifice now, but I know that that’s coming because, one, I’m an entrepreneurship professor, so I know how to do this <laugh>. I’ve literally trained people and I’ve studied it, and it’s like, it’s working. It’s literally working. People are buying the products, people are buying the books. And so, it’s just a matter of scaling that and through investing in myself and learning how to do that in a way that doesn’t deplete me, but in a way that nourishes me. So I can do what I love, but I’m also you know, I’m not sacrificing my health and wellness in the process. Because when I was an academic, I was, I had to, there were sometimes you just, you have deadlines, you have to get, you have to get your slides ready for class, you have to grade by a certain time.

32:09 Rasheda: There’s just all that adrenaline. And like I said, I was the only faculty member teaching four classes. So that was hard. Because if you’re teaching even one class, you know that after you’ve done that you’re just exhausted. It takes a lot of mental and physical energy to do that. And you have to be very alert and you’re just exhausted after one. So, imagine doing four in two days. And it works if you have to do it five days a week or four days a week because what I’ve found is that you need a day off. You need that break day to just help you recuperate from the physical, physical demand of that. But because my programs are online, it just, it takes care of itself, you know? So like when you mentioned a certain amount of billable hours, I don’t have that.

32:49 Rasheda: So, most of my meetings on Tuesdays and Thursdays are meeting with people to do things like this, podcasting because I’ve already either developed my programs or I can just dedicate those days to developing online programs that are then there. And then I can create the schedule of the live programs or live talks that I want to do. And I can say “yes” and I can say “no” to whichever opportunity. It’s just all about priorities. So for someone, so for example, if somebody’s single and they have no kids, they can do a lot more than me at this time. And I would say use that as a great opportunity because that’s the benefit of being, you know, a solo, completely solo, like genuinely solo entrepreneur. But if you have kids and you know, I feel like they help me keep my balance, my family. And fortunately I did, I actually had my son while I was an academic while I was in my PhD program. So, I’ve always had to take weekends off and had to sort of navigate around that because I still have to be a mom, you know.

33:43 Emily: Your entire description through this episode of like the synergy between your academic life and your business and what you feel is your life’s mission and then how you arrange your schedule and the investments in yourself and your health and all these things. I don’t know how much you’ve explored, you obviously mentioned earlier you’ve read numerous personal finance books, but the whole like FIRE movement, right? Financial independence and retirement early, there’s a component of that. There’s like a subset which is called Slow FI and maybe you’ve encountered this concept, so like you are going to get to financial independence eventually, like you talked about, okay, well eventually I can build my business. Right now I have a different goal, which is, you know, in this other area. The Slow FI movement is like, make your life awesome right now.

34:25 Emily: And yes, eventually you’ll get to financial independence early retirement, but it almost doesn’t even matter because you’re living such a fabulous life. There’s almost no like end point to like this goal, right? And that set to me just sounds like the life you’re setting up right now of working, you know, part-time doing also investment in yourself and your health and having this wonderful time with your family. There are a lot of parallels of that in my own life. I also only work like four to five hours per weekday because that’s the schedule that allows me to spend a lot of time with my kids when they get home from school. And it’s just, it’s more balanced. I feel like working eight hours a day, yeah, maybe I had the energy of that in my twenties. I don’t anymore. Anyway, so I just.

35:03 Rasheda: And it’s also the stage, the stage of life that we’re in. Like my daughter is three and my son is seven and she’ll be four. And like I just made up my mind and said I have to do Slow FI because I’m very, I love the FIRE movement, but I have to do it slowly right now to still do what I love because that’s nourishing in a different kind of way. And also making money to support the family. But at the same time, I don’t want to miss these moments. So, because money isn’t everything, right? So like I said, I could make, I projected I could make [inaudible] a year like easily. But I want to be here for my daughter. I want to be here for my kids. I want to cook for them. I want to you know, have a thriving romantic life, you know what I mean? Like go on dates and all those things. I love that, and that matters to me. And go on vacations and all that stuff. And so, you know sacrifice in some areas. Well, here’s what I say. I always say, “What I can’t do now, I can do later.” <Laugh>, you know? I won’t do what I can’t do, but what I can do, I will do.

Where Can Listeners Find You?

36:02 Emily: Rasheda, this has been such an invigorating conversation. It’s been so lovely to meet you. I have two more questions for you. The first one is, if anyone else is as excited as I am about this conversation and wants to follow up more with you, where can they find you?

36:14 Rasheda: So, my website is rashedaweaver.com and also my Instagram is @rashedaweaver_PhD. And I’m also on LinkedIn. And that’s been fun. If you sign up for my newsletter, I’m starting a newsletter called Weaver’s Review starting January, so you’ll be able to have updates on me but also updates on social entrepreneurship in general, the field, funding opportunities, employment opportunities, and information about my boot camps and training programs. That’ll all be, you know, we’re going to really be doing that in the next year.

36:46 Emily: Yeah. And mention one more time, I think you said you have a book that’s just about to come out. We’re recording this in December, 2022. So, it’s about to come out, right?

36:53 Rasheda: It comes out exactly one week from today. It’s called Social Entrepreneurship: A Practical Introduction. And the main question that I ask in the book is, if I teach good people how to make money, will they do more good with it? And so you definitely want to get that book because it’s all about entrepreneurship and exactly what we’re talking about. How do you create an organization that allows you to do good for yourself as well as good for your community?

Best Financial Advice for Another Early-Career PhD

37:15 Emily: Fantastic! Okay, Rasheda, the last question that I ask all of my guests is, what is your best financial advice for another early-career PhD? And that could be something that we’ve touched on already in the interview or it could be something completely new.

37:29 Rasheda: My best financial advice is that there’s no greater investment in life that you can make than the investment in yourself. So just like I had that emergency fund, I also called it a dream fund. And so, putting money aside, even if you don’t know exactly what you are you going to use it for, emergencies always happen. So, it’s better to have an emergency be annoying than for it to be catastrophic. And so for me, you know, when I became unhappy with my career in academia working there, I just, I was able to just easily transition into entrepreneurship because I had that fund already set up because I was investing in myself even when I didn’t know what the investment really was, <laugh>. And so, I think you should really do that and that’s a holistic investment as well because your health, your wellness, your family, your romance, all that matters into making you the best individual that you’re going to be in. But that all takes investment.

38:23 Emily: Well, Rasheda, thank you so much for volunteering to come on the podcast. It’s been a real pleasure to talk with you!

38:29 Rasheda: Thank you. It’s been a pleasure to be on the podcast, and I’m so happy to get to know you now. I hope to be back and share more!

38:35 Emily: Sounds great!

Outtro

38:41 Emily: Listeners, thank you for joining me for this episode! I have a gift for you! You know that final question I ask of all my guests regarding their best financial advice? My team has collected short summaries of all the answers ever given on the podcast into a document that is updated with each new episode release. You can gain access to it by registering for my mailing list at PFforPhDs.com/advice/. Would you like to access transcripts or videos of each episode? I link the show notes for each episode from PFforPhDs.com/podcast/. See you in the next episode, and remember: You don’t have to have a PhD to succeed with personal finance… but it helps! The music is “Stages of Awakening” by Podington Bear from the Free Music Archive and is shared under CC by NC. Podcast editing by Lourdes Bobbio and show notes creation by Meryem Ok.

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